Maternal Cigarette Smoking and Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

ABSTRACT: A systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between active maternal smoking and cleft lip and palate etiology.Medline, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from inception to November, 2020.Observational studies of cigarette smoking habits in pregnant women. Outcomes included cleft lip and/or palate, cleft lip  ±  palate and cleft palate only.Publication bias analyses were performed and the Newcastle Ottawa scales were used to assess study quality. Fixed or random effect models were used in the meta-analysis, dependent on risk of statistical heterogeneity.Forty-five studies were eligible for inclusion of which 11 were cohort and 34 were case-control studies. Sixteen studies were of sufficient standard for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The summary odds rat

SUBMITTER: Fell M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9411693 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature