Dataset Information

Assessment of long-term particulate nitrate air pollution and its health risk in China.

ABSTRACT: Air pollution is a major environmental and public health challenge in China and the Chinese government has implemented a series of strict air quality policies. However, particulate nitrate (NO₃ ^-) concentration remains high or even increases at monitoring sites despite the total PM_2.5 concentration has decreased. Unfortunately, it has been difficult to estimate NO₃ ^- concentration across China due to the lack of a PM_2.5 speciation monitoring network. Here, we use a machine learning model incorporating ground measurements and satellite data to characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of NO₃ ^-, thereby understanding the disease burden associated with long-term NO₃ ^- exposure in China. Our results show that existing air pollution control policies are effective, but increased NO₃ ^- of traffic emissions offset reduced NO₃ ^- of industrial emissions. In 2018, the national mean mortality burden attributable to NO₃ ^- was as high as 0.68 million, indicating that targeted regulations are needed to control NO₃ ^- pollution in China.

SUBMITTER: Hang Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9418855 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Assessment of long-term particulate nitrate air pollution and its health risk in China.

Hang Yun Y Meng Xia X Li Tiantian T Wang Tijian T Cao Junji J Fu Qingyan Q Dey Sagnik S Li Shenshen S Huang Kan K Liang Fengchao F Kan Haidong H Shi Xiaoming X Liu Yang Y

iScience 20220809 9

Air pollution is a major environmental and public health challenge in China and the Chinese government has implemented a series of strict air quality policies. However, particulate nitrate (NO3 -) concentration remains high or even increases at monitoring sites despite the total PM2.5 concentration has decreased. Unfortunately, it has been difficult to estimate NO3 - concentration across China due to the lack of a PM2.5 speciation ...[more]

PMID: 36039292

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Project description:ImportanceLong-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular events, but controversy remains as to whether the current National Ambient Air Quality Standard (12 μg/m3 for 1-year mean PM2.5) is sufficiently protective.ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations between long-term fine particulate air pollution and cardiovascular events using electronic health record and geocoded address data.Design, setting, and participantsThis retrospective cohort study included adults in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California integrated health care system during 2007 to 2016 and followed for up to 10 years. Study participants had no prior stroke or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and lived in Northern California for at least 1 year. Analyses were conducted January 2020 to December 2022.ExposureLong-term exposure to PM2.5. Individual-level time-varying 1-year mean PM2.5 exposures for every study participant were updated monthly from baseline through the end of follow-up, accounting for address changes.Main outcomes and measuresIncident AMI, ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were fit with age as time scale, adjusted for sex, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, smoking, body mass index, baseline comorbidities, and baseline medication use. Associations below the current regulation limit were also examined.ResultsThe study cohort included 3.7 million adults (mean [SD] age: 41.1 [17.2] years; 1 992 058 [52.5%] female, 20 205 [0.5%] American Indian or Alaskan Native, 714 043 [18.8%] Asian, 287 980 [7.6%] Black, 696 796 [18.4%] Hispanic, 174 261 [4.6%] multiracial, 1 904 793 [50.2%] White). There was a 12% (95% CI, 7%-18%) increased risk of incident AMI, a 21% (95% CI, 13%-30%) increased risk of IHD mortality, and an 8% (95% CI, 3%-13%) increased risk of CVD mortality associated with a 10 μg/m3 increase in 1-year mean PM2.5. PM2.5 exposure at moderate concentrations (10.0 to 11.9 μg/m3) was associated with increased risks of incident AMI (6% [95% CI, 3%-10%]) and IHD mortality (7% [95% CI, 2%-12%]) compared with low concentrations (less than 8 μg/m3).Conclusions and relevanceIn this study, long-term PM2.5 exposure at moderate concentrations was associated with increased risks of incident AMI, IHD mortality, and CVD mortality. This study's findings add to the evidence that the current regulatory standard is not sufficiently protective.

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Dataset Information

Assessment of long-term particulate nitrate air pollution and its health risk in China.

Publications

Assessment of long-term particulate nitrate air pollution and its health risk in China.

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