Dataset Information

Updated greenhouse gas inventory estimates for Indian underground coal mining based on the 2019 IPCC refinements.

ABSTRACT: Underground coal mining has been known as a significant source of fugitive greenhouse gas emissions. Past analyses of these emissions in India used deterministic emission factors and predominantly focused on methane emissions with reporting of CO₂ emissions remaining limited to a few sites. This study addresses these gaps via field measurements on 108 underground mines (out of a total 338) to evolve greenhouse gas reporting in this sector. Results show large heterogeneity across "degrees" of mines as categorized by the Indian government. In addition, CO₂ emissions are found to be significant in shallower mines of lower gassiness. Overall, the emissions from underground mining have reduced from 2.6 to 8.3 Mt-CO₂e to 1.3-3.6 Mt-CO₂e during 1980-2019. These emissions might remain significant by 2050 under a 2-2.5°C constraint or may decline below 100,000 t-CO₂e under a 1.5°C constraint. We also discuss several generalizable outcomes and approaches to make inventories in this sector more robust.

SUBMITTER: Singh AK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9440286 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Updated greenhouse gas inventory estimates for Indian underground coal mining based on the 2019 IPCC refinements.

Singh Ajay K AK Singh Udayan U Panigrahi Durga C DC Singh Jayant J

iScience 20220815 9

Underground coal mining has been known as a significant source of fugitive greenhouse gas emissions. Past analyses of these emissions in India used deterministic emission factors and predominantly focused on methane emissions with reporting of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions remaining limited to a few sites. This study addresses these gaps via field measurements on 108 underground mines (out of a total 338) to evolve greenhouse gas reporting in this sector. Results show large heterogeneity across "degr ...[more]

PMID: 36065183

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Project description:Underground coal mining activities are prone to cause movement and breakage in geological strata and also lead to mining subsidence and even ground fissures. Along the direction working panel advancing, ground fissures may occur in roof in front and/or behind working panel. However, the investigations of previous similarity tests in lab only emphasize on the region behind working panel. By improving strata material property in construction and mounting artificial pressure devices, two physical simulation tests were conducted and successfully investigated the simulated results. Then, the mechanical model of "cantilever beam and elastic foundation beam" was proposed to calculate the stress distribution and the crack initiation angle in overlying strata and it well explains the mechanisms of ground fissures generation and propagation. Results show that, the maximum internal force in roof always occurred in front of working panel. However, because the void space in gob due to excavation is large enough to cause the bend and rotation of roof strata, compare to the triaxially compressed region in front of working panel, the roof always broke off at some positions above gob since the stress concentration resulting from such bend and rotation of strata could easily reach the limit strength of strata rocks. Also, the length of cantilever beam changed dynamically as respect to the panel advancing and the breakage intervals. Thus, the breakage position where the internal force first reached the limit tensile strength is not fixed and there will be two different kinds of relative positions between the crack initiation point and the working panel. The crack initiation direction is always perpendicular to the internal force, and the crack propagation direction is affected by the initiation angle, overburden-separation degree and the position of the hydraulic shields. If there is no overburden-separation or less, the roofs will break off as a composite beam and the propagation direction will be roughly along the central line between the initial broken point and the support position. Otherwise, the roof strata will bend with the support shields moving forward, then the fracture angle will be close to the initiation angle and the fault surface will be stepped.

Project description:Background: In subcontinental underground mines, coal mining is carried out manually and requires many laborers to practice traditional means of coal excavation. Each task of this occupation disturbs workers' musculoskeletal order. In order to propose and practice possible ergonomic interventions, it is necessary to know what tasks (drilling and blasting, coal cutting, dumping, transporting, timbering and supporting, loading and unloading) cause disorder in either upper limbs, lower limbs, or both. Methods: To this end, R-programming, version R 3.1.2 and SPSS, software 20, were used to calculate data obtained by studying 260 workers (working at different tasks of coal mining) from 20 mines of four districts of Punjab, Pakistan. In addition, a Standard Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (SNMQ) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) sheet were used to collect data and to analyze postures respectively. Results: In multi regression models, significance of the five tasks for upper and lower limb disorder is 0.00, which means that task based prevalence of upper and lower limb disorders are common in underground coal mines. The results of the multiple bar chart showed that 96 coal cutters got upper limb disorders and 82 got lower limb disorders. The task of timbering and supporting was shown to be dangerous for the lower limbs and relatively less dangerous for the upper limbs, with 25 workers reporting pain in their lower limbs, and 19 workers reporting pain in their upper limbs. Documented on the RULA sheet, all tasks got the maximum possible score (7), meaning that each of these tasks pose a threat to the posture of 100% of workers. The majority of participants (182) fell in the age group of 26 to 35 years. Of those workers, 131 reported pain in the lower limbs and slight discomfort (128) in the upper limbs. The significance value of age was 0.00 for upper limb disorder and was 0.012 for lower limb disorder. Frequency graphs show age in direct proportion to severity of pain while in inverse proportion with number of repetitions performed per min. Conclusions: All findings infer that each task of underground coal mining inflicts different levels of disorder in a workers' musculoskeletal structure of the upper and lower limbs. It highlighted the need for urgent intervention in postural aspects of each task.

Dataset Information

Updated greenhouse gas inventory estimates for Indian underground coal mining based on the 2019 IPCC refinements.

Publications

Updated greenhouse gas inventory estimates for Indian underground coal mining based on the 2019 IPCC refinements.

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