Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in two patients following treatment with pembrolizumab: two case reports and a literature review.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and life-threatening state of immune hyperactivation. It has the highest mortality rate among all hematological immune-related adverse events (irAEs) of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) when treating various cancers. However, the predisposing factors of HLH have rarely been mentioned in previous research.

Case description

Herein, we report 2 cases of HLH following treatment with pembrolizumab. A patient was diagnosed with thymic carcinoma (TC) and possible Sjögren's syndrome (SS), while another was diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and both were positive for antinuclear antibodies. Both cases experienced transient immune-related fever on day 7 after pembro

SUBMITTER: Wei Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9459512 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature