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Nanoparticle-Containing Hyaluronate Solution for Improved Lubrication of Orthopedic Ceramics.

ABSTRACT: Premature failure caused by inadequate lubrication of an artificial joint is a major problem. Inspired by engine lubrication, in which various additives are used to enforce the oil lubricant, here, a bench test of a biomimetic lubricating fluid containing different substances was carried out. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), in the form of both molecules and nanoparticles, was used as a functional additive. Compared with BSA molecules, BSA nanoparticles dispersed in HA solution served as more effective additives in the biomimetic lubrication fluid to minimize the friction and wear of ceramic orthopedic materials made of zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂). Meanwhile, a tribo-acoustic study indicated that the "squeaking" problem associated with ZrO₂ could be suppressed by the biomimetic fluid. Together with a cytotoxicity assessment, the BSA nanoparticle-incorporated biomimetic fluid was confirmed as a potential reagent for use in the clinic to maintain an even longer service life of artificial joints.

SUBMITTER: Li W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9460720 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nanoparticle-Containing Hyaluronate Solution for Improved Lubrication of Orthopedic Ceramics.

Li Weihua W Wang Yingying Y Li Wenwen W Liu Lei L Wang Xiao X Song Shiyong S

Polymers 20220825 17

Premature failure caused by inadequate lubrication of an artificial joint is a major problem. Inspired by engine lubrication, in which various additives are used to enforce the oil lubricant, here, a bench test of a biomimetic lubricating fluid containing different substances was carried out. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), in the form of both molecules and nanoparticles, was used as a functional additive. Compared with BSA molecules, BSA nanoparticles dispersed in HA solution served as more effecti ...[more]

PMID: 36080559

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Project description:BackgroundGingivitis is driven by plaque accumulation and, if left untreated, can progress to irreversible periodontitis. For many, the mechanical action of toothbrushing does not achieve adequate plaque control. The aim of this study was to investigate whether twice-daily use of a toothpaste containing 0.2% high molecular weight (HMW) sodium hyaluronate with 67% sodium bicarbonate and 0.221% sodium fluoride (experimental toothpaste) could improve gingival health compared with a regular fluoride toothpaste (negative control). The study also assessed whether the experimental toothpaste could provide additive gingival health benefit over a toothpaste containing only 67% sodium bicarbonate and 0.221% sodium fluoride (positive control).MethodsThis was a single-center, examiner-blinded, randomized, clinical study in healthy adults with mild-to-moderate gingivitis. At baseline, after abstaining from toothbrushing for 12 h, prospective participants underwent oral soft tissue (OST) and oral hard tissue examination followed by assessments for gingival inflammation (Modified Gingival Index [MGI]), gingival bleeding (Bleeding Index [BI]), and supra-gingival plaque (Turesky Plaque Index [TPI]). Eligible participants were stratified by gender and baseline number of bleeding sites (low: <45; high: ≥45 bleeding sites). Following randomization, participants underwent prophylactic dental treatment. Participants received a full OST examination, MGI, BI and TPI assessments after 3 days, 1, 2 and 6 weeks of product use.ResultsIn total, 110 participants were screened for study entry and all were randomized to receive one of three toothpastes (experimental: sodium hyaluronate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium fluoride; positive control: sodium bicarbonate, sodium fluoride; negative control: regular fluoride toothpaste). For all measures, significant improvements were observed in participants receiving either sodium bicarbonate-containing toothpaste (experimental or positive control) compared with the regular fluoride toothpaste (negative control) at week 6. No significant difference was observed in any assessment or visit comparing the experimental toothpaste with the positive control.ConclusionsBoth the experimental and the positive control toothpastes demonstrated clinically relevant improvements in gingival health compared with a regular fluoride toothpaste (negative control). However, no additional gingival health improvement was observed for the experimental toothpaste compared with the positive control, therefore, no additional gingival health benefit can be attributed to the inclusion of sodium hyaluronate in this formulation.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04737538 (04/02/2021).

Project description:Study questionDoes the duration of embryo exposure to hyaluronic acid (HA) enriched medium improve the rate of live birth events (LBEs)?Summary answerThe use of embryo transfer (ET) medium rich in HA improves LBE (a singleton or twin live birth) regardless of the duration of exposure evaluated in this study, but does not alter gestation or birthweight (BW).What is known alreadyHA-enriched medium is routinely used for ET in ART to facilitate implantation, despite inconclusive evidence on safety and efficacy.Study design size durationA cohort study was performed evaluating clinical treatment outcomes before and after HA-enriched ET medium was introduced into routine clinical practice. In total, 3391 fresh ET procedures were performed using low HA and HA-rich medium in women undergoing publicly funded IVF/ICSI treatment cycles between May 2011 and April 2015 were included in this cohort study.Participants/materials setting methodsA total of 1018 ET performed using low HA medium were compared with 1198, and 1175 ET following exposure to HA-rich medium for 2-4 h (long HA exposure) or for 10-30 min (short HA exposure), respectively. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to compare clinical outcomes including BW, gestational age and sex ratios between groups, whilst adjusting for patient age, previous attempt, incubator type and the number of embryos transferred.Main results and the role of chanceThe use of HA-rich medium for ET was positively and significantly associated with improved clinical pregnancy rate and LBE, for both exposure durations: long HA (odds ratio (OR) = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.99-1.48), short HA (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.02-1.72) and pooled OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03-1.54, relative to the use of low HA medium. A comparative analysis of the risks of early pregnancy loss following long HA exposure (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.54-1.06), short HA exposure (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.54-1.30) and late miscarriage (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.51-1.53) (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 0.72-2.77), were lower and not statistically significant. Similarly, ordinary regression analysis of the differences in BW at both HA exposures; pooled OR = -0.9 (-117.1 to 115.3), and adjusted BW between both HA cohorts; pooled OR = -13.8 (-106.1 to 78.6) did not show any differences. However, a difference in gestational age (pooled OR -0.3 (-3.4 to 2.9)) and sex ratio (pooled OR 1.43 (0.95-2.15)) were observed but these were not statistically significant relative to low HA medium.Limitations reasons for cautionThe strength of a randomized treatment allocation was not available in this evaluation study, therefore effects of unmeasured or unknown confounding variables cannot be ruled out.Wider implications of the findingsThe result of this large cohort study strengthens the case for using HA-rich medium routinely at transfer, while adding the important clinical information that duration of exposure may not be critical. The composition and effects of commercial IVF culture media on success rate and safety remains a major controversy despite increasing calls for transparency and evidence-based practice in ART. Nonetheless, the lack of differences in BW and gestational age observed in this study were reassuring. However, an appraisal of clinical outcomes and appropriate research investigations are required for the continuous evaluation of efficacy and safety of HA.Study funding/competing interestsT.A. is funded by a Clinical Doctoral Research Fellowship (CDRF) grant (reference: ICA-CDRF-2015-01-068) from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the National Institute for Health Research or the Department of Health. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Project description:Solution-processed few-layer graphene flakes, dispensed to rotating and sliding contacts via liquid dispersions, are gaining increasing attention as friction modifiers to achieve low friction and wear at technologically relevant interfaces. Vanishing friction states, i.e., superlubricity, have been documented for nearly-ideal nanoscale contacts lubricated by individual graphene flakes. However, there is no clear understanding if superlubricity might persist for larger and morphologically disordered contacts, as those typically obtained by incorporating wet-transferred solution-processed flakes into realistic microscale contact junctions. In this study, we address the friction performance of solution-processed graphene flakes by means of colloidal probe atomic force microscopy. We use a state-of-the-art additive-free aqueous dispersion to coat micrometric silica beads, which are then sled under ambient conditions against prototypical material substrates, namely, graphite and the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) MoS2 and WS2. High resolution microscopy proves that the random assembly of the wet-transferred flakes over the silica probes results into an inhomogeneous coating, formed by graphene patches that control contact mechanics through tens-of-nanometers tall protrusions. Atomic-scale friction force spectroscopy reveals that dissipation proceeds via stick-slip instabilities. Load-controlled transitions from dissipative stick-slip to superlubric continuous sliding may occur for the graphene-graphite homojunctions, whereas single- and multiple-slips dissipative dynamics characterizes the graphene-TMD heterojunctions. Systematic numerical simulations demonstrate that the thermally activated single-asperity Prandtl-Tomlinson model comprehensively describes friction experiments involving different graphene-coated colloidal probes, material substrates, and sliding regimes. Our work establishes experimental procedures and key concepts that enable mesoscale superlubricity by wet-transferred liquid-processed graphene flakes. Together with the rise of scalable material printing techniques, our findings support the use of such nanomaterials to approach superlubricity in micro electromechanical systems.

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Nanoparticle-Containing Hyaluronate Solution for Improved Lubrication of Orthopedic Ceramics.

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Nanoparticle-Containing Hyaluronate Solution for Improved Lubrication of Orthopedic Ceramics.

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