Whole-Genome Sequence of Beauveria bassiana JEF-350, a Strain with High Insecticidal Activity against Melon Thrips (Thrips palmi).
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SUBMITTER: Kim JC
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9476991 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Whole-Genome Sequence of Beauveria bassiana JEF-350, a Strain with High Insecticidal Activity against Melon Thrips (Thrips palmi).
Kim Jong-Cheol JC Park So Eun SE Lee Se Jin SJ Kim Jae Su JS
Microbiology resource announcements 20220808 9
The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana JEF-350 was isolated from forest soil in South Korea. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of JEF-350, along with the analyzed genetic information, which can be used to study insecticidal mechanisms and fungal diversity. ...[more]
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Project description:Melon thrips, Thrips palmi, represent a significant threat to plants, inducing necrosis and acting as vectors for numerous plant viruses. Entomopathogenic fungi present a promising avenue for the management of melon thrips populations resistant to conventional chemical treatments. In this work, an adult colony of melon thrips was exposed to Beauveria bassiana strain JEF-350, and the ensuing transcriptional response of the infected thrips was scrutinized to elucidate their reactions during fungal pathogenesis. Utilizing Illumina sequencing, RNA samples were extracted from untreated thrips as well as from thrips continuously infected for 2 and 4 days, each with three biological replicates. While no notable alterations in gene expression were observed between the untreated control and thrips infected for 2 days, those infected for 4 days exhibited a plethora of differentially expressed genes. Specifically, in the thrips infected for the extended period, pathways associated with lysosomal function and insect hormone biosynthesis were notably repressed, while others such as serine and glycine metabolism, Toll and Imd, and circadian rhythm pathways displayed heightened activity. Noteworthy downregulation was observed in numerous lysosomal hydrolase genes encoding glycosidases, sulfatases, and lipases, particularly glycosidases. Furthermore, certain genes related to hydrolase precursors within the Golgi apparatus exhibited heightened expression levels but failed to progress toward hydrolase biosynthesis. Upstream regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthesis was augmented, yet downstream genes were significantly downregulated, leading to a disruption in juvenile hormone production. Similarly, while cytochrome P450 genes in the downstream of ecdysone biosynthesis were upregulated, expressions of cholesterol desaturase and cytochrome P450 genes in the upstream were inhibited, consequently dampening ecdysone biosynthesis. The observed differential targeting of organs or pathways by B. bassiana JEF-350, in contrast to conventional chemicals primarily affecting neurotransmission and energy production, suggests its potential efficacy in managing resistant thrips populations. Consequently, integrating JEF-350 into the chemical spray regimen or incorporating it into tank-mix formulations with chemical insecticides emerges as a pragmatic approach within the realm of integrated pest management strategies. KEY POINTS: • Beauveria treatment inhibited lysosomal function and hormone synthesis in thrips. • Thrips serine/glycine metabolism, Toll and Imd, and circadian rhythm pathways were activated. • Upstream functions of thrips hormone biosynthesis increased, while downstream functions were suppressed. • Regarding biosynthesis of metabolites, this fungus targets other pathways with resistance management.
| S-EPMC11561002 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Beauveria bassiana strain:JEF-350 Genome sequencing and assembly
| PRJNA616193 | ENA
Project description:The melon thrips, Thrips palmi is a serious pest and vector for plant viruses on a wide range of economically important crops. DNA barcoding evidenced the presence of cryptic diversity in T. palmi and that warrants exhaustive molecular studies. Our present study is on decoding the first complete mitochondrial genome of T. palmi (15,333 bp) through next-generation sequencing (NGS). The T. palmi mt genome contains 37 genes, including 13 Protein coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNAs), and two control regions (CRs). The majority strand of T. palmi revealed 78.29% A+T content, and 21.72% G+C content with positive AT skew (0.09) and negative GC skew (-0.06). The ATN initiation codons were observed in 12 PCGs except for cox1 which have unique start codon (TTG). The relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis revealed Phe, Leu, Ile, Tyr, Asn, Lys and Met were the most frequently used amino acids in all PCGs. The codon (CGG) which is assigned to Arginine in most insects but absent in T. palmi. The Ka/Ks ratio ranges from 0.078 in cox1 to 0.913 in atp8. We observed the typical cloverleaf secondary structure in most of the tRNA genes with a few exceptions; absence of DHU stem and loop in trnV and trnS, absence of DHU loop in trnE, lack of T-arm and loop in trnN. The T. palmi gene order (GO) was compared with ancestral GO and observed an extensive gene arrangement in PCGs, tRNAs and rRNAs. The cox2 gene was separated from the gene block 'cox2-trnL2' in T. palmi as compared with the other thrips mt genomes, including ancestor GO. Further, the nad1, trnQ, trnC, trnL1, trnV, trnF, rrnS, and rrnL were inversely transpositioned in T. palmi GO. The gene blocks 'trnQ-trnS2-trnD' and 'trnN-trnE-trnS1-trnL1' seems to be genus specific. The T. palmi mt genome contained 24 intergenic spacer regions and 12 overlapping regions. The 62 bp of CR2 shows the similarity with CR1 indicating a possible duplication. The occurrence of multiple CRs in thrips mt genomes seems to be a derived trait which needs further investigation. Although, the study depicted extensive gene rearrangements in T. palmi mt genome, but the negative GC skew reflects only strand asymmetry. Both the ML and BI phylogenetic trees revealed the close relationships of Thrips with Scirtothrips as compared to Frankliniella. Thus, more mt genomes of the diverse thrips species are required to understand the in-depth phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships.
| S-EPMC6209132 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Thrips palmi is a widely distributed major agricultural pest in the tropics and subtropics, causing significant losses in cucurbit and solanaceous crops through feeding damage and transmission of tospoviruses. Thrips palmi is a vector of capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) in Australia. The present understanding of transmission biology and potential effects of CaCV on T. palmi is limited. To gain insights into molecular responses to CaCV infection, we performed RNA-Seq to identify thrips transcripts that are differentially-abundant during virus infection of adults. De-novo assembly of the transcriptome generated from whole bodies of T. palmi adults generated 166,445 contigs, of which ~24% contained a predicted open reading frame. We identified 1,389 differentially-expressed (DE) transcripts, with comparable numbers up- (708) and down-regulated (681) in virus-exposed thrips compared to non-exposed thrips. Approximately 59% of these DE transcripts had significant matches to NCBI non-redundant proteins (Blastx) and Blast2GO identified provisional functional categories among the up-regulated transcripts in virus-exposed thrips including innate immune response-related genes, salivary gland and/or gut-associated genes and vitellogenin genes. The majority of the immune-related proteins are known to serve functions in lysosome activity and melanisation in insects. Most of the up-regulated oral and extra-oral digestion-associated genes appear to be involved in digestion of proteins, lipids and plant cell wall components which may indirectly enhance the likelihood or frequency of virus transmission or may be involved in the regulation of host defence responses. Most of the down-regulated transcripts fell into the gene ontology functional category of 'structural constituent of cuticle'. Comparison to DE genes responsive to tomato spotted wilt virus in Frankliniella occidentalis indicates conservation of some thrips molecular responses to infection by different tospoviruses. This study assembled the first transcriptome in the genus Thrips and provides important data to broaden our understanding of networks of molecular interactions between thrips and tospoviruses.
| S-EPMC6286046 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundInsect-killing fungal species, Beauveria bassiana, is as an environment-friendly pest management tool, and many isolates are on the track of industrialization. However, some of B. bassiana isolates show similar morphology and virulence against insect pests, and so it is hard to differentiate them. Herein we used two patented isolates, ERL836 and JEF-007, and investigated their virulence against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, and further analyzed genome structures and transcriptional responses when interacting with cuticles of thrips to see possible differences on the initial step of fungal infection.ResultsThe two isolates showed no significant differences in fungal growth, conidial production, and virulence against thrips, and they were structurally similar in genome. But, in transcription level, ERL836 appeared to infect thrips easily, while JEF-007 appeared to have more difficulty. In the GO analysis of ERL836 DEGs (differentially expressed genes), the number of up-regulated genes was much larger than that of down-regulated genes, when compared to JEF-007 DEGs (more genes down-regulated). Interestingly, in the enrichment analysis using shared DEGs between two infecting isolates, plasma membrane-mediated transporter activity and fatty acid degradation pathway including cytochrome P450 were more active in infecting ERL836.ConclusionThe two B. bassiana isolates had similar morphology and virulence as well as genome structure, but in transcription level they differently interacted with the cuticle of western flower thrips. This comparative approach using shared DEG analysis could be easily applied to characterize the difference of the two B. bassiana isolates, JEF-007 and ERL836.
| S-EPMC7694944 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Beauveria bassiana strain:JEF-007 Raw sequence reads
| PRJNA309019 | ENA
Project description:Beauveria bassiana strain:JEF-007 Genome sequencing and assembly
| PRJNA352877 | ENA
Project description:Insect-killing fungi have high potential in pest management. A deeper insight into the fungal genes at the whole genome level is necessary to understand the inter-species or intra-species genetic diversity of fungal genes, and to select excellent isolates. In this work, we conducted a whole genome sequencing of Beauveria bassiana (Bb) JEF-007 and characterized pathogenesis-related features and compared with other isolates including Bb ARSEF2860. A large number of Bb JEF-007 genes showed high identity with Bb ARSEF2860, but some genes showed moderate or low identity. The two Bb isolates showed a significant difference in vegetative growth, antibiotic-susceptibility, and virulence against Tenebrio molitor larvae. When highly identical genes between the two Bb isolates were subjected to real-time PCR, their transcription levels were different, particularly in heat shock protein 30 (hsp30) gene which is related to conidial thermotolerance. In several B. bassiana isolates, chitinases and trypsin-like protease genes involved in pathogenesis were highly conserved, but other genes showed noticeable sequence variation within the same species. Given the transcriptional and genetic diversity in B. bassiana, a selection of virulent isolates with industrial advantages is a pre-requisite, and this genetic approach could support the development of excellent biopesticides with intellectual property protection.
| S-EPMC6098154 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae), is a major pest that causes great damage to chicken egg production. In one of our previous studies, the management of red mites using entomopathogenic fungi was evaluated, and the acaricidal fungus Beauveria bassiana JEF-410 was selected for further research. In this study, we tried to elucidate the pathogenesis of B. bassiana JEF-410 and the defense mechanisms of red mites at a transcriptome level. Red mites collected from a chicken farm were treated with B. bassiana JEF-410. When the mortality of infected red mites reached 50%, transcriptome analyses were performed to determine the interaction between B. bassiana JEF-410 and red mites. Uninfected red mites and non-infecting fungus served as controls. In B. bassiana JEF-410, up-regulated gene expression was observed in tryptophan metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Genes related to acetyl-CoA synthesis were up-regulated in tryptophan metabolism, suggesting that energy metabolism and stress management were strongly activated. Secondary metabolites associated with fungal up-regulated DEGs were related to the production of substances toxic to insects such as beauvericin and beauveriolide, efflux pump of metabolites, energy production, and resistance to stress. In red mites, physical and immune responses that strengthen the cuticle against fungal infection were highly up-regulated. From these gene expression analyses, we identified essential factors for fungal infection and subsequent defenses of red mites. These results will serve as a strong platform for explaining the interaction between B. bassiana JEF-410 and red mites in the stage of active infection.
| S-EPMC9937463 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH) performed a pest categorisation of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), for the EU. T. palmi is listed in Annex IAI of 2000/29 EC. Using molecular methods, cryptic speciation has been shown although no new species from the group have been formally described. Here, we consider T. palmi sensu lato as a defined species native to southern Asia, which has spread to tropical and subtropical countries in Asia, the Pacific, North, Central and South America, Africa and Australia. T. palmi has been reported from many different hosts in 20 botanical families; Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae and Orchidaceae are of primary importance. T. palmi has been intercepted many times on plants from these families. Wild and cultivated hosts are widespread in the EU. However, as a subtropical and tropical species, only a small area of the EU provides climatic conditions where establishment may be possible outdoors. Several host plants are cultivated in glasshouses where conditions may be more favourable for establishment in year-round crops. There have been past outbreaks of T. palmi in EU glasshouses and outdoors in Portugal. T. palmi causes feeding and oviposition damage and populations in Asia are competent vectors of tospoviruses. Impacts could occur on many hosts, especially Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae and ornamental plants particularly in glasshouses. Phytosanitary measures aim to prevent the entry of T. palmi specifically on cut flowers of Orchidaceae and fruits of Momordica and Solanum melongena. The species meets all the criteria assessed by the PLH Panel to satisfy the definition of a Union quarantine pest, while it does not satisfy all the criteria for it to be regarded as a Union regulated non-quarantine pest (RNQP).
| S-EPMC7009038 | biostudies-literature