Dataset Information

Associations between ambient air pollution, obesity, and serum vitamin D status in the general population of Korean adults.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Although a growing body of evidence suggests air pollution is associated with low serum vitamin D status, few studies have reported whether obesity status affects this relationship. The aim of this study was to identify associations between ambient air pollution exposure, obesity, and serum vitamin D status in the general population of South Korea.

Methods

This study was conducted in a cross-sectional design. A total of 30,242 Korean adults from a nationwide general population survey were included for our final analysis. Air pollutants included particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM₁₀), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and carbon monoxide (CO). We measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration to assess vitamin D status for each participant. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associations between ambient air pollution and vitamin D status in each subgroup according to body mass index level.

Results

The annual average concentrations of PM₁₀, NO₂, and CO were significantly associated with a lower serum vitamin D concentration and higher risk of vitamin D deficiency. The results show a significant association between serum vitamin D status and PM₁₀ exposure in obese subgroup. Based on the gender, females with obesity showed more strong association (negative) between different air pollutants and low serum vitamin D concentration and a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency. However, this pattern was not observed in men.

Conclusions

This study provides the first evidence that women with obesity may be more vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency in the context of persistent exposure to air pollution.

SUBMITTER: Kim B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9482201 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Associations between ambient air pollution, obesity, and serum vitamin D status in the general population of Korean adults.

Kim Byungmi B Hwang Juyeon J Lee Hyejin H Chae Gyeong Min GM Kim Seyoung S Kim Hyo-Seon HS Park Bohyun B Kim Hyun-Jin HJ

BMC public health 20220917 1

<h4>Background</h4>Although a growing body of evidence suggests air pollution is associated with low serum vitamin D status, few studies have reported whether obesity status affects this relationship. The aim of this study was to identify associations between ambient air pollution exposure, obesity, and serum vitamin D status in the general population of South Korea.<h4>Methods</h4>This study was conducted in a cross-sectional design. A total of 30,242 Korean adults from a nationwide general pop ...[more]

PMID: 36115935

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Project description:BackgroundAir pollution disparities by socioeconomic status (SES) are well documented for the United States, with most literature indicating an inverse relationship (i.e., higher concentrations for lower-SES populations). Few studies exist for China, a country accounting for 26% of global premature deaths from ambient air pollution.ObjectiveOur objective was to test the relationship between ambient air pollution exposures and SES in China.MethodsWe combined estimated year 2015 annual-average ambient levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter [PM ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] with national demographic information. Pollution estimates were derived from a national empirical model for China at 1-km spatial resolution; demographic estimates were derived from national gridded gross national product (GDP) per capita at 1-km resolution, and (separately) a national representative sample of 21,095 individuals from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2015 cohort. Our use of global data on population density and cohort data on where people live helped avoid the spatial imprecision found in publicly available census data for China. We quantified air pollution disparities among individual's rural-to-urban migration status; SES factors (education, occupation, and income); and minority status. We compared results using three approaches to SES measurement: individual SES score, community-averaged SES score, and gridded GDP per capita.ResultsAmbient NO2 and PM2.5 levels were higher for higher-SES populations than for lower-SES population, higher for long-standing urban residents than for rural-to-urban migrant populations, and higher for the majority ethnic group (Han) than for the average across nine minority groups. For the three SES measurements (individual SES score, community-averaged SES score, gridded GDP per capita), a 1-interquartile range higher SES corresponded to higher concentrations of 6-9 μg/m3 NO2 and 3-6 μg/m3 PM2.5; average concentrations for the highest and lowest 20th percentile of SES differed by 41-89% for NO2 and 12-25% for PM2.5. This pattern held in rural and urban locations, across geographic regions, across a wide range of spatial resolution, and for modeled vs. measured pollution concentrations.ConclusionsMultiple analyses here reveal that in China, ambient NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations are higher for high-SES than for low-SES individuals; these results are robust to multiple sensitivity analyses. Our findings are consistent with the idea that in China's current industrialization and urbanization stage, economic development is correlated with both SES and air pollution. To our knowledge, our study provides the most comprehensive picture to date of ambient air pollution disparities in China; the results differ dramatically from results and from theories to explain conditions in the United States. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9872.

Project description:BackgroundAmbient air pollution may increase the risk of overweight and obesity in children. However, available evidence is still scarce and has mainly focused on ambient air pollution exposure occurring at home without considering the school environment. The aim of this study is to assess whether exposure to ambient air pollution at home and school is associated with overweight and obesity in primary school children.MethodsWe studied 2660 children aged 7-10 years during 2012 in Barcelona. Child weight and height were measured and age- and sex-specific z-scores for body mass index (zBMI) were calculated using the WHO growth reference 2007. Overweight and obesity were defined using the same reference. Land use regression models were used to estimate levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), <10 μm (PM10) and coarse (PMcoarse) at home. Outdoor levels of NO2, PM2.5, elemental carbon (EC), and ultrafine particles (UFP) were measured in the schoolyard. Multilevel mixed linear and ordered logistic models were used to assess the association between ambient air pollution (continuous per interquartile range (IQR) increase and categorical with tertile cutoffs) and zBMI (continuous and ordinal: normal, overweight, obese), after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics.ResultsAn IQR increase in PM10-home (5.6 μg/m3) was associated with a 10% increase in the odds of being overweight or obese (odds ratio (OR) = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.22). Children exposed to the highest tertile of UFP-school (>27,346 particles/cm3) had a 30% higher odds of being overweight or obese (OR = 1.30; 95%CI = 1.03, 1.64) compared to the lowest tertile of UFP exposure. We also observed that exposure to NO2, PM2.5 or EC at schools was associated with higher odds of overweight or obese at medium compared to low levels of exposure. Home and school exposures did not show any significant associations with zBMI (except PM2.5-school comparing tertile 2 vs tertile 1) but were similar in direction.ConclusionsThis study suggests that exposure to ambient air pollution, especially at school, is associated with childhood risk for overweight and obesity. A cautious interpretation is warranted because associations were not always linear and because school and home air pollution measurements were not directly comparable.

Project description:Few epidemiologic studies have evaluated the effects of air pollution on the risk of Parkinson disease (PD).We investigated the associations of long-term residential concentrations of ambient particulate matter (PM) < 10 ?m in diameter (PM10) and < 2.5 ?m in diameter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in relation to PD risk.Our nested case-control analysis included 1,556 self-reported physician-diagnosed PD cases identified between 1995 and 2006 and 3,313 controls frequency-matched on age, sex, and race. We geocoded home addresses reported in 1995-1996 and estimated the average ambient concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 using a national fine-scale geostatistical model incorporating roadway information and other geographic covariates. Air pollutant exposures were analyzed as both quintiles and continuous variables, adjusting for matching variables and potential confounders.We observed no statistically significant overall association between PM or NO2 exposures and PD risk. However, in preplanned subgroup analyses, a higher risk of PD was associated with higher exposure to PM10 (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.45; p-trend = 0.02) among women, and with higher exposure to PM2.5 (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.29; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.76; p-trend = 0.04) among never smokers. In post hoc analyses among female never smokers, both PM2.5 (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.17; p-trend = 0.05) and PM10 (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.29, 4.26; p-trend = 0.01) showed positive associations with PD risk. Analyses based on continuous exposure variables generally showed similar but nonsignificant associations.Overall, we found limited evidence for an association between exposures to ambient PM10, PM2.5, or NO2 and PD risk. The suggestive evidence that exposures to PM2.5 and PM10 may increase PD risk among female never smokers warrants further investigation. Citation: Liu R, Young MT, Chen JC, Kaufman JD, Chen H. 2016. Ambient air pollution exposures and risk of Parkinson disease. Environ Health Perspect 124:1759-1765;?http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP135.

Project description:OBJECTIVE:Growing evidence indicates exposure to air pollution contributes to obesity and cardiometabolic disease risk in children and adults, however studies are lacking in young adulthood, an important transitional period in the life course. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of short- and long-term regional ambient and near-roadway air pollution (NRAP) exposures on adiposity and cardiometabolic health in young adults aged 17-22 years. METHODS:From 2014 to 2018, a subset of participants (n = 158) were recruited from the Children's Health Study to participate in the Meta-AIR (Metabolic and Asthma Incidence Research) study to assess obesity (body composition and abdominal adiposity) and cardiometabolic health (fasting glucose, fasting insulin and lipid profiles) measures. Prior 1-month and 1-year average air pollution exposures were calculated from residential addresses. This included nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm (PM10), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and NRAP (freeway, non-freeway, and total nitrogen oxides (NOx)) exposures. Linear regression models examined associations of prior 1-month (short-term) and 1-year (long-term) air pollution exposures on obesity and cardiometabolic factors adjusting for covariates and past childhood air pollution exposures. RESULTS:In the Meta-AIR study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis with short- and long-term regional ambient and NRAP exposures (in both single- and multi-pollutant models) and obesity- and cardiometabolic-related outcomes and found associations with a few outcomes. A 1 standard deviation (SD) change in long-term NO2 exposure was associated with a 11.3 mg/dL higher level of total cholesterol (p = 0.04) and 9.4 mg/dL higher level of low-density lipoproteins (LDL)-cholesterol (p = 0.04). Amongst obese participants, associations between long-term NO2 and total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were 4.5 and 9 times larger than the associations in non-obese participants (pinteraction = 0.008 and 0.03, respectively). Additionally, we observed a statistically significant association with increased short-term O3 exposure and higher triglyceride and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol levels (p = 0.04), lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (p = 0.03), and higher hepatic fat levels (p = 0.02). Amongst glucose-related factors, long-term PM2.5 exposure was associated with higher levels of insulin area under the curve (p = 0.03). There were no other statistically significant associations with short- or long-term air pollutants and BMI, other measures of adiposity, and cardiometabolic outcomes. CONCLUSION:Higher exposure to regional air pollutants, namely prior 1-year average NO2, was associated with higher fasting serum lipid measures. These associations were more pronounced in obese participants, suggesting obesity may exacerbate the effects of air pollution exposure on lipid levels in young adults. This study did not find any other associations between short- and long-term ambient and NRAP exposures across a range of other obesity and cardiometabolic indicators. Further studies in young adults are warranted as our study suggests potential deleterious associations of both short- and long-term air pollution exposures and lipid metabolism.

Project description:BackgroundVitamin D and lifestyle behaviors are closely related to children's health. However, current research on the combined influences of vitamin D and adherence to 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24-HMG) on childhood obesity remains scarce. Our study aimed to examine individual and joint associations of vitamin D status and the number of recommendations for adhering to 24-HMG with obesity among Chinese children and adolescents.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 4625 participants from Shenzhen, China, were recruited. Vitamin D status was classified into two categories: adequacy and inadequacy. The 24-HMG was obtained from a validated questionnaire, including moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration. General obesity and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) were the outcomes of this study. The logistic regression model was performed to examine the associations between vitamin D status, the number of guidelines met, and obesity.ResultsVitamin D inadequacy was associated with increased odds of general obesity and MUO, with adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) of 1.551 (1.080-2.226) and 2.205 (1.319-3.686). Meeting 2-3 recommendations of 24-HMG was associated with decreased odds of general obesity, with adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) of 0.777 (0.626-0.965). Compared with the vitamin D adequacy/meeting 2-3 guidelines group, the vitamin D inadequacy/meeting 0-1 guideline group was positively related to general obesity (adjusted odd ratio, 1.826 [95% CI: 1.167-2.857]) and MUO (2.160, 1.175-3.972). In addition, the population-attributable fractions of vitamin D inadequacy or/and meeting 0-1 guideline were 28.4% (95% CI: 2.5-54.4%) for general obesity and 42.3% (95% CI: 11.5-73.1%) for MUO.ConclusionsOur findings displayed that the combined associations of vitamin D inadequacy and meeting 0-1 recommendations of 24-HMG were linked to high odds of general obesity and MUO, respectively. Understanding these relationships could provide a theoretical basis for effective preventive strategies and interventions for childhood obesity.

Dataset Information

Associations between ambient air pollution, obesity, and serum vitamin D status in the general population of Korean adults.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Associations between ambient air pollution, obesity, and serum vitamin D status in the general population of Korean adults.

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