The Interplay of Tumor Vessels and Immune Cells Affects Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma.

ABSTRACT: Immunotherapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors or adoptive cell transfer have become powerful tools to treat cancer. These treatments act via overcoming or alleviating tumor-induced immunosuppression, thereby enabling effective tumor clearance. Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive, primary brain tumor that remains refractory to the benefits of immunotherapy. The immunosuppressive immune tumor microenvironment (TME), genetic and cellular heterogeneity, and disorganized vasculature hinder drug delivery and block effector immune cell trafficking and activation, consequently rendering immunotherapy ineffective. Within the TME, the mutual interactions between tumor, immune and endothelial cells result in the generation of positive feedback loops, which intensify immunosuppressio

SUBMITTER: Ghosh M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9496044 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature