Dataset Information

2D-SWE of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint Capsule in Horses.

ABSTRACT: (1) Two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) employs an ultrasound impulse to produce transversely oriented shear waves, which travel through the surrounding tissue according to the stiffness of the tissue itself. The study aimed to assess the reliability of 2D-SWE for evaluating the elastosonographic appearance of the distal attachment of the fetlock joint capsule (DJC) in sound horses and in horses with osteoarthritis (OA) (2). According to a thorough evaluation of metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ), adult horses were divided in a sound Group (H) and in OA Group (P). Thereafter, a 2D-SWE of MCPJs was performed. Shear wave velocity (m/sec) and Young's modulus (kPa) were calculated independently by two operators at each selected ROI. Statistical analysis was performed with R software. (3) Results: 2D-SWE had good-excellent inter-CC and intra-CC in both groups. Differences in m/s and kPa between Groups H and P were found in transverse scans with lower values in Group P. No correlation with age or DJC thickness was found. (4) Conclusions: 2D-SWE was repeatable and reproducible. In Group H, DJC was statistically stiffer than in Group P only in transverse scan. The technique showed poor sensitivity and specificity in differentiating fetlocks affected by OA.

SUBMITTER: Guerri G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9501397 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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2D-SWE of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint Capsule in Horses.

Guerri Giulia G Palozzo Adriana A Straticò Paola P Varasano Vincenzo V Celani Gianluca G Di Francesco Paola P Vignoli Massimo M Petrizzi Lucio L

Veterinary sciences 20220904 9

(1) Two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) employs an ultrasound impulse to produce transversely oriented shear waves, which travel through the surrounding tissue according to the stiffness of the tissue itself. The study aimed to assess the reliability of 2D-SWE for evaluating the elastosonographic appearance of the distal attachment of the fetlock joint capsule (DJC) in sound horses and in horses with osteoarthritis (OA) (2). According to a thorough evaluation of metacarpophalangeal ...[more]

PMID: 36136694

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Project description:BackgroundCapsulitis leads to the release of inflammatory mediators in the joint, causing capsular fibrosis and osteoarthritis (OA). Strain elastosonography (SE) measures the elasticity of tissue by evaluating its strain in operator-dependent deformation. The aims of the study were to assess the feasibility, repeatability, and reproducibility of SE for imaging the distal attachment of the joint capsule (DJC) of metacarpophalangeal joints in sound horses (Group S) and in horses with metacarpophalangeal OA (Group P) and to evaluate differences in the elastosonographic patterns of these horses. After a whole lameness examination, fore fetlock DJCs were assigned to Group S and Group P and were thereafter examined by two operators using SE. Qualitative (i.e., colour grading score) and semi-quantitative (i.e., elasticity index (EI) and strain ratio (SR)) methods were used to evaluate the elastograms. The inter-rater reliability (IRR), intraclass correlation coefficient (intra-CC) and interclass correlation coefficient (inter-CC) were used to compare colour grading scores and the repeatability and reproducibility of EI and SR outcomes. The same parameters were compared between groups. P < 0.05 indicated a significant finding.ResultsForty-one horses were included: 11 were in Group S and 30 were in Group P (16 with bilateral OA, 8 with left OA and 6 with right OA). IRR outcomes ranged from good to excellent. For transverse and longitudinal ultrasound scans, the colour grading score of Group S was significantly higher than the metacarpophalangeal DJCs of Group P. Both Inter-CC and intra-CC were higher in Group S than in Group P, with values always > 0.8. Significative differences in EI and SR were detected between groups and between Group S and the affected limb of Group P; values were lower in Group S than in Group P.ConclusionsSE can be a useful technique for evaluating DJCs, with good repeatability and reproducibility. DJCs appear softer in sound horses.

Project description:ObjectiveTo describe in detail the arterial vasculature of metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5 on cadaver specimens and to compare it to ultrasound imaging of healthy subjects.MethodsEighteen hands of donated human cadavers were arterially injected and investigated with either corrosion casting or cryosectioning. Each layer of cryosectioned specimens was photographed in high-resolution. Images were then segmented for arterial vessels of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints 2-5. The arterial pattern of the joints was reconstructed from the segmented images and from the corrosion cast specimens. Both hands of ten adult healthy volunteers were scanned focusing on the vasculature of the same joints with high-end ultrasound imaging, including color Doppler. Measurements were made on both cryosectioned arteries and Doppler images.ResultsThe arterial supply of MCP joints 2-5 divides into a metacarpal and a phalangeal territory, respectively. The metacarpal half receives arteries from the palmar metacarpal arteries or proper palmar digital arteries, while the phalangeal half is supplied by both proper and common palmar digital arteries. Comparing anatomical and ultrasonographic results, we determined the exact anatomic location of normal vessels using Doppler images acquired of healthy joints. All, except three branches, were found with less than 50% frequency using ultrasound. Doppler signals were identified significantly more frequently in MCP joints 2-3 than on 4-5 (p < 0.0001). Similarly, Doppler signals differed in the number of detectable small, intraarticular vessels (p < 0.009), but not that of the large extraarticular ones (p < 0.1373). When comparing measurements acquired by ultrasound and on cadaver vessels, measurements using the former technique were found to be larger in all joints (p < 0.0001).ConclusionUsing morphological and ultrasonographic techniques, our study provides a high-resolution anatomical maps and an essential reference data set on the entire arterial vasculature of healthy human MCP 2-5 joints. We found that Doppler signal could be detected in less than 50% of the vessels of healthy volunteers except three locations. Intraarticular branches were detected with ultrasound imaging significantly more frequently on healthy MCP 2-3 joints, which should be taken into account when inflammatory and normal Doppler signals are evaluated. Our study also provides reference data for future, higher-resolution imaging techniques.

Project description:Fatigue-induced subchondral bone (SCB) injury is common in racehorses. Understanding how subchondral microstructure and microdamage influence mechanical properties is important for developing injury prevention strategies. Mechanical properties of the disto-palmar third metacarpal condyle (MCIII) correlate poorly with microstructure, and it is unknown whether the properties of other sites within the metacarpophalangeal (fetlock) joint are similarly complex. We aimed to investigate the mechanical and structural properties of equine SCB from specimens with minimal evidence of macroscopic disease. Three sites within the metacarpophalangeal joint were examined: the disto-palmar MCIII, disto-dorsal MCIII, and proximal sesamoid bone. Two regions of interest within the SCB were compared, a 2 mm superficial and an underlying 2 mm deep layer. Cartilage-bone specimens underwent micro-computed tomography, then cyclic compression for 100 cycles at 2 Hz. Disto-dorsal MCIII specimens were loaded to 30 MPa (n = 10), while disto-palmar MCIII (n = 10) and proximal sesamoid (n = 10) specimens were loaded to 40 MPa. Digital image correlation determined local strains. Specimens were stained with lead-uranyl acetate for volumetric microdamage quantification. The dorsal MCIII SCB had lower bone volume fraction (BVTV), bone mineral density (BMD), and stiffness compared to the palmar MCIII and sesamoid bone (p < 0.05). Superficial SCB had higher BVTV and lower BMD than deeper SCB (p < 0.05), except at the palmar MCIII site where there was no difference in BVTV between depths (p = 0.419). At all sites, the deep bone was stiffer (p < 0.001), although the superficial to deep gradient was smaller in the dorsal MCIII. Hysteresis (energy loss) was greater superficially in palmar MCIII and sesamoid (p < 0.001), but not dorsal MCIII specimens (p = 0.118). The stiffness increased with cyclic loading in total cartilage-bone specimens (p < 0.001), but not in superficial and deep layers of the bone, whereas hysteresis decreased with the cycle for all sites and layers (p < 0.001). Superficial equine SCB is uniformly less stiff than deeper bone despite non-uniform differences in bone density and damage levels. The more compliant superficial layer has an important role in energy dissipation, but whether this is a specific adaptation or a result of microdamage accumulation is not clear.

Dataset Information

2D-SWE of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint Capsule in Horses.

Publications

2D-SWE of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint Capsule in Horses.

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