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Metastatic basal cell carcinoma to the bone: A case of bone metastasis in uncommon sites.

ABSTRACT: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the skin. Despite the indolent nature, metastatic BCC can occur, albeit rarely. Metastasis to the bone is very rare. From its approval, mBCC patients are treated with vismodegib, a selective hedgehog pathway inhibitor. Unfortunately, in recent period, it was demonstrated an emergence of drug resistance, due to Smoothened (SMO) mutation. To date, several groups are studying the effectiveness of immunotherapy in BCC. Clinical trials with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors are ongoing. We report the rare case of a man with multiple bony metastasis, with a resistance to vismodegib, and we evaluated all manuscripts in literature reporting bone metastasis. Moreover, we review all the manuscripts in literature reporting bone metastasis, and we summarize the main therapeutic strategies, and the further perspectives.

SUBMITTER: Nigro O

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9527680 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Metastatic basal cell carcinoma to the bone: A case of bone metastasis in uncommon sites.

Nigro Olga O Chini Claudio C Marcon Ilaria Gioia Angiola IGA De Giorgi Annamaria A Bascialla Linda L Gallerani Elisa E Giaquinto Alice A De Palma Diego D Lombardo Maurizio M

Dermatology reports 20220712 3

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the skin. Despite the indolent nature, metastatic BCC can occur, albeit rarely. Metastasis to the bone is very rare. From its approval, mBCC patients are treated with vismodegib, a selective hedgehog pathway inhibitor. Unfortunately, in recent period, it was demonstrated an emergence of drug resistance, due to Smoothened (SMO) mutation. To date, several groups are studying the effectiveness of immunotherapy in BCC. Clinical trials ...[more]

PMID: 36199894

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Project description:Background and objectiveBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy of humankind, characterized by its low propensity for metastasis and its high recurrence rate. Surgical intervention is the predominant therapeutic approach. However, for cases of locally advanced BCC (laBCC) and metastatic BCC (mBCC), systematic therapy may be the first option. In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has garnered significant attention within the scientific community. And it has progressively demonstrated its efficacy in the treatment of laBCC and mBCC. This review aims to summarize the characteristics of immune microenvironment, biomarkers, and immunotherapies of BCC, and provide a reference for further research on BCC immunotherapy.MethodsWe searched literature in PubMed database and Web of Science and considered all study types written in English from 2013 to 2024.Key content and findingsThe alteration of the immune microenvironment is a pivotal factor in the progression of BCC. The expression levels of sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (SOX2) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have emerged as potential prognostic biomarkers for BCC. And they are promising therapeutic targets for laBCC and mBCC. For patients presenting with laBCC or mBCC, a spectrum of immunotherapeutic approaches is being explored, including inhibition of the programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), blockade of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) inhibition therapy, the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, and vaccination. Cemiplimab is the first immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) approved by the Food and Drug Administration for refractory BCC, marking a major breakthrough in BCC immunotherapy.ConclusionsImmunotherapies have shown efficacy in clinical studies. In the future, more multicenter studies with large samples are needed to further explore the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy for BCC.

Dataset Information

Metastatic basal cell carcinoma to the bone: A case of bone metastasis in uncommon sites.

Publications

Metastatic basal cell carcinoma to the bone: A case of bone metastasis in uncommon sites.

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