Sex Differences in Adult Facial Three-Dimensional Morphology: Application to Gender-Affirming Facial Surgery.

ABSTRACT: Background: Gender-affirming facial surgery (GFS) is pursued by transgender individuals who desire facial features that better reflect their gender identity. Currently, there are a few objective guidelines to justify and facilitate effective surgical decision making. Objective: To quantify the effect of sex on adult facial size and shape through an analysis of three-dimensional (3D) facial surface images. Materials and Methods: Facial measurements were obtained by registering an atlas facial surface to 3D surface scans of 545 males and 1028 females older than 20 years of age. The differences between male and female faces were analyzed and visualized for a set of predefined surgically relevant facial regions. Results: On average, male faces are 7.3% larger than f

SUBMITTER: Bannister JJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9529307 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Nov-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature