Urine exosomes as biomarkers in bladder cancer diagnosis and prognosis: From functional roles to clinical significance.

ABSTRACT: Bladder cancer is one of the top ten most common cancers and top ten causes of cancer death globally. 5-year survival rates have decreased in Australia from 66% to 55% in the past three decades. The current gold standard for diagnosis is cystoscopy. However, cystoscopies are an invasive and health-resource intensive procedure which has sub-optimal sensitivity for flat lesions such as CIS (carcinoma in situ) and low specificity for differentiating inflammation from cancer - hence requiring biopsies under anesthesia. Frequent and life-long surveillance cystoscopy is required for most patients since there are high rates of progression and local recurrence in high-risk non-muscle invasive cancer (NMIBC) as well as poor outcomes associated with delayed detection of muscle-invasive bladder cance

SUBMITTER: Lee N 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9530625 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature