Dataset Information

The MAP3K7 gene: Further delineation of clinical characteristics and genotype/phenotype correlations.

ABSTRACT: Mitogen-activated protein 3 kinase 7 (MAP3K7) encodes the ubiquitously expressed transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1, which plays a crucial role in many cellular processes. Mutationsin the MAP3K7 gene have been linked to two distinct disorders: frontometaphyseal dysplasia type 2 (FMD2) and cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome (CSCF). The fact that different mutations can induce two distinct phenotypes suggests a phenotype/genotype correlation, but no side-by-side comparison has been done thus far to confirm this. Here, we significantly expand the cohort and the description of clinical phenotypes for patients with CSCF and FMD2 who carry mutations in MAP3K7. Our findings support that in contrast to FMD2-causing mutations, CSCF-causing mutations in MAP3K7 have a loss-of-function effect. Additionally, patients with pathogenic mutations in MAP3K7 are at risk for (severe) cardiac disease, have symptoms associated with connective tissue disease, and we show overlap in clinical phenotypes of CSCF with Noonan syndrome (NS). Together, we confirm a molecular fingerprint of FMD2- versus CSCF-causing MAP3K7 mutations and conclude that mutations in MAP3K7 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with syndromic congenital cardiac defects and/or cardiomyopathy, syndromic connective tissue disorders, and in the differential diagnosis of NS.

SUBMITTER: van Woerden GM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9544731 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The MAP3K7 gene: Further delineation of clinical characteristics and genotype/phenotype correlations.

van Woerden Geeske M GM Senden Richelle R de Konink Charlotte C Trezza Rossella A RA Baban Anwar A Bassetti Jennifer A JA van Bever Yolande Y Bird Lynne M LM van Bon Bregje W BW Brooks Alice S AS Guan Qiaoning Q Klee Eric W EW Marcelis Carlo C Rosado Joel M JM Schimmenti Lisa A LA Shikany Amy R AR Terhal Paulien A PA Nicole Weaver Kathryn K Wessels Marja W MW van Wieringen Hester H Hurst Anna C AC Gooch Catherine F CF Steindl Katharina K Joset Pascal P Rauch Anita A Tartaglia Marco M Niceta Marcello M Elgersma Ype Y Demirdas Serwet S

Human mutation 20220729 10

Mitogen-activated protein 3 kinase 7 (MAP3K7) encodes the ubiquitously expressed transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1, which plays a crucial role in many cellular processes. Mutationsin the MAP3K7 gene have been linked to two distinct disorders: frontometaphyseal dysplasia type 2 (FMD2) and cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome (CSCF). The fact that different mutations can induce two distinct phenotypes suggests a phenotype/genotype correlation, but no side-by-side comparison has been do ...[more]

PMID: 35730652

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Project description:Hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum is a rare leukoencephalopathy that was identified using magnetic resonance imaging in 2002. In 2013, whole exome sequencing of 11 patients with the disease revealed that they all had the same de novo mutation in TUBB4A, which encodes tubulin β-4A. We investigated the mutation spectrum in a cohort of 42 patients and the relationship between genotype and phenotype. Patients were selected on the basis of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities that are indicative of hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum. Genetic testing and a clinical inventory were performed, and sequential magnetic resonance images were evaluated using a standard protocol. The heterozygous TUBB4A mutation observed in the first 11 patients was the most common (25 patients). Additionally, 13 other heterozygous mutations were identified, located in different structural domains of tubulin β-4A. We confirmed that the mutations were de novo in all but three patients. In two of these three cases we lacked parental DNA and in one the mutation was also found in the mother, most likely due to mosaicism. Patients showed a phenotypic continuum ranging from neonatal to childhood disease onset, normal to delayed early development and slow to more rapid neurological deterioration. Neurological symptomatology consisted of extrapyramidal movement abnormalities, spasticity, ataxia, cognitive deficit and sometimes epilepsy. Three patients died and the oldest living patient was 29 years of age. The patients' magnetic resonance images showed an absent or disappearing putamen, variable cerebellar atrophy and highly variable cerebral atrophy. Apart from hypomyelination, myelin loss was evident in several cases. Three severely affected patients had similar, somewhat atypical magnetic resonance image abnormalities. The study results were strongly suggestive of a genotype-phenotype correlation. The 25 patients with the common c.745G>A mutation generally had a less rapidly progressive disease course than the 17 cases with other TUBB4A mutations. Overall, this work demonstrates that the distinctive magnetic resonance imaging pattern for hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum defines a homogeneous clinical phenotype of variable severity. Patients almost invariably have prominent extrapyramidal movement abnormalities, which are rarely seen in patients with hypomyelination of different origin. A dominant TUBB4A mutation is also associated with dystonia type 4, in which magnetic resonance images of the brain seem normal. It is highly likely that there is a disease continuum associated with TUBB4A mutations, of which hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum and dystonia type 4 are the extremes. This would indicate that extrapyramidal movement abnormalities constitute the core feature of the disease spectrum related to dominant TUBB4A mutations and that all other features are variable.

Dataset Information

The MAP3K7 gene: Further delineation of clinical characteristics and genotype/phenotype correlations.

Publications

The MAP3K7 gene: Further delineation of clinical characteristics and genotype/phenotype correlations.

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