Dataset Information

No effect of nitrate-rich beetroot juice on microvascular function and blood pressure in younger and older individuals: a randomised, placebo-controlled double-blind pilot study.

ABSTRACT:

Background/objectives

To compare the effects of supplemental inorganic nitrate (NO₃) on microvascular endothelial function and blood pressure in younger vs. older participants.

Subjects/methods

25 individuals participated in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled crossover pilot study. Participants were stratified by age (18-35 and ≥55 years) and consumed a single dose beetroot juice (providing 6.4 mmol NO₃) or NO₃-depleted beetroot juice. Blood pressure, microvascular function (via Laser Doppler Flowmetry; LDF) and urinary NO₃ were assessed, and the effects of NO₃ supplementation on cardiovascular parameters were compared between participants and conditions using mixed-design ANOVA.

Results

Treatments and methods were well tolerated, and no adverse events were reported. Urinary NO₃ increased 3 h following ingestion in both groups, (P = 0.02). Levels remained elevated at 24 h post consumption in younger participants only (P = 0.02). Beetroot juice had no effect on blood pressure in either group nor on microcirculatory endothelial function.

Conclusions

Beetroot juice had no effect on blood pressure or microvascular endothelial function in young and older individuals. Dosage and timing regimens for supplemental beetroot juice should be avenues for further inquiry.

SUBMITTER: Rogerson D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9550618 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

No effect of nitrate-rich beetroot juice on microvascular function and blood pressure in younger and older individuals: a randomised, placebo-controlled double-blind pilot study.

Rogerson David D Aguilar Mora Fabio Alejandro FA Young Jamie Stuart JS Klonizakis Markos M

European journal of clinical nutrition 20220329 10

<h4>Background/objectives</h4>To compare the effects of supplemental inorganic nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>) on microvascular endothelial function and blood pressure in younger vs. older participants.<h4>Subjects/methods</h4>25 individuals participated in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled crossover pilot study. Participants were stratified by age (18-35 and ≥55 years) and consumed a single dose beetroot juice (providing 6.4 mmol NO<sub>3</sub>) or NO<sub>3</sub>-depleted beetroot juice. ...[more]

PMID: 35352014

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Project description:BackgroundIn Sub-Saharan Africa, current strategies are struggling to control the burgeoning hypertension epidemic. Dietary interventions such as inorganic nitrate or folic acid supplementation could represent promising strategies for reducing blood pressure (BP) in this setting.ObjectivesThis feasibility study explores the effects of dietary inorganic nitrate supplementation, alone or in combination with folic acid, on BP in Tanzanian adults with elevated BP in Tanzania.MethodsA placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized controlled feasibility trial was conducted. Forty-seven middle-aged and older participants (age: 50-70 y, BMI: 26.3-29.1 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to 3 conditions for a period of 60 d: 1) high-nitrate beetroot juice (∼400 mg nitrate) and folic acid (∼5 mg folic acid) (N + F), 2) high-nitrate beetroot juice and placebo (N + P), or 3) nitrate-depleted beetroot juice and placebo (P + P). Clinic and 24-h ambulatory BP and measurements of compliance in plasma (nitrate and folate concentrations) and saliva (nitrate and nitrite) were obtained at baseline, 30 d, and 60 d.ResultsBaseline resting systolic and diastolic BP (mean ± SD) was 151.0 ± 19.4 mm Hg and 91.8 ± 11.7 mm Hg, respectively. Compliance to the interventions was high (>90%) in all groups which was confirmed by the significant increase in nitrate and folic acid concentrations in plasma and saliva samples in the treatment arms. After 60 d, 24-h systolic BP dropped by -10.8 ± 9.8 mm Hg (P < 0.001), -6.1 ± 13.2 mm Hg (P = 0.03), and -0.3 ± 9.7 mm Hg (P = 0.83) in the N + P, N + F, and P + P groups, respectively. There was a significant decrease in 24-h diastolic BP in the N + P group (-5.4 ± 5.0 mm Hg, P = 0.004), whereas changes were not significant in the N + F (-1.8 ± 8.1 mm Hg, P = 0.32) and P + P (1.6 ± 8.3 mm Hg, P = 0.43) groups.ConclusionsDietary inorganic nitrate represents a potential nutritional strategy to lessen the hypertension epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa. These findings support the rationale for future long-term investigations exploring the efficacy of dietary nitrate for lowering BP and attenuating cardiovascular disease risk in this setting.This trial was registered at isrctn.com as ISRCTN67978523.

Project description:There have been recent calls for strategies to improve oral health in athletes. High carbohydrate diets, exercise induced dehydration and transient perturbations to immune function combine to increase oral disease risk in this group. We tested whether a single dose of nitrate (NO3-) would offset the reduction in salivary pH following carbohydrate ingestion before and after an exercise bout designed to cause mild dehydration. Eleven trained male runners ([Formula: see text] 53 ± 9 ml∙kg-1∙min-1, age 30 ± 7 years) completed a randomised placebo-controlled study comprising four experimental trials. Participants ingested the following fluids one hour before each trial: (a) 140 ml of water (negative-control), (b) 140 ml of water (positive-control), (c) 140 ml of NO3- rich beetroot juice (~12.4 mmol NO3-) (NO3- trial) or (d) 140 ml NO3- depleted beetroot juice (placebo-trial). During the negative-control trial, participants ingested 795 ml of water in three equal aliquots: before, during, and after 90 min of submaximal running. In the other trials they received 795 ml of carbohydrate supplements in the same fashion. Venous blood was collected before and after the exercise bout and saliva was sampled before and repeatedly over the 20 min following carbohydrate or water ingestion. As expected, nitrite (NO2-) and NO3- were higher in plasma and saliva during the NO3- trial than all other trials (all P<0.001). Compared to the negative-control, salivary-pH was significantly reduced following the ingestion of carbohydrate in the positive-control and placebo trials (both P <0.05). Salivary-pH was similar between the negative-control and NO3- trials before and after exercise despite ingestion of carbohydrate in the NO3- trial (both P≥0.221). Ingesting NO3- attenuates the expected reduction in salivary-pH following carbohydrate supplements and exercise-induced dehydration. NO3- should be considered by athletes as a novel nutritional strategy to reduce the risk of developing acidity related oral health conditions.

Project description:Citrulline (CIT) and nitrate-rich beetroot extract (BR) are widely studied ergogenic aids. Nevertheless, both supplements have been studied in short-term trials and separately. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the effects of combining CIT and BR supplementation on recovery status observed by distance covered in the Cooper test, exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and anabolic/catabolic hormone status have not been investigated to date. Therefore, the main purpose of this research was to assess the effect of the long-term (9 weeks) mixture of 3 g/day of CIT plus 2.1 g/day of BR (300 mg/day of nitrates (NO3-)) supplementation on recovery by distance covered in the Cooper test, EIMD markers (urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, GGT, LDH and CK) and anabolic/catabolic hormones (testosterone, cortisol and testosterone/cortisol ratio (T/C)) in male trained triathletes. Thirty-two triathletes were randomized into four different groups of eight triathletes in this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial: placebo group (PLG), CIT group (CITG; 3 g/day of CIT), BR group (BRG; 2.1 g/day of BR (300 mg/day of NO3-)) and CIT-BR group (CIT-BRG; 3 g/day of CIT plus 2.1 g/day of BR (300 mg/day of NO3-)). Distance covered in the Cooper test and blood samples were collected from all participants at baseline (T1) and after 9 weeks of supplementation (T2). There were no significant differences in the interaction between group and time in EIMD markers (urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, GGT, LDH and CK) (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were observed in the group-by-time interaction in distance covered in the Cooper test (p = 0.002; η2p = 0.418), cortisol (p = 0.044; η2p = 0.247) and T/C (p = 0.005; η2p = 0.359). Concretely, significant differences were observed in distance covered in the Cooper test percentage of change (p = 0.002; η2p = 0.418) between CIT-BRG and PLG and CITG, in cortisol percentage change (p = 0.049; η2p = 0.257) and in T/C percentage change (p = 0.018; η2p = 0.297) between CIT-BRG and PLG. In conclusion, the combination of 3 g/day of CIT plus 2.1 g/day of BR (300 mg/day of NO3-) supplementation for 9 weeks did not present any benefit for EIMD. However, CIT + BR improved recovery status by preventing an increase in cortisol and showing an increase in distance covered in the Cooper test and T/C.

Dataset Information

No effect of nitrate-rich beetroot juice on microvascular function and blood pressure in younger and older individuals: a randomised, placebo-controlled double-blind pilot study.

Background/objectives

Subjects/methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

No effect of nitrate-rich beetroot juice on microvascular function and blood pressure in younger and older individuals: a randomised, placebo-controlled double-blind pilot study.

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