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Mixed infection of an emaravirus, a crinivirus, and a begomovirus in Pueraria lobata (Willd) Ohwi.

ABSTRACT: Pueraria lobata (Willd) (Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S. M. Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep) is an important herbal medicine used in many countries. In P. lobata plants showing symptoms of mosaic, yellow spots, and mottling, mixed infection of new viruses provisionally named Pueraria lobata-associated emaravirus (PloAEV, genus Emaravirus), Pueraria lobata-associated crinivirus (PloACV, genus Crinivirus), and isolate CQ of the previously reported kudzu mosaic virus (KuMV-CQ, genus Begomovirus) was confirmed through high-throughput sequencing. PloAEV has five RNA segments, encoding a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, glycoprotein precursor, nucleocapsid protein, movement protein, and P5, respectively. PloACV has two RNA segments, encoding 11 putative proteins. Only PloAEV could be mechanically transmitted from mixed infected symptomatic kudzu to Nicotiana benthamiana plants. All three viruses were detected in 35 symptomatic samples collected from five different growing areas, whereas no viruses were detected in 21 non-symptomatic plants, suggesting a high association between these three viruses. Thus, this study provides new knowledge on the diversity and molecular characteristics of viruses in P. lobata plants affected by the viral disease.

SUBMITTER: Liang X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9557060 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mixed infection of an emaravirus, a crinivirus, and a begomovirus in Pueraria lobata (Willd) Ohwi.

Liang Xiaofei X Mei Shiqiang S Yu Haodong H Zhang Song S Wu Jiaxing J Cao Mengji M

Frontiers in microbiology 20220929

Pueraria lobata (Willd) (Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S. M. Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep) is an important herbal medicine used in many countries. In P. lobata plants showing symptoms of mosaic, yellow spots, and mottling, mixed infection of new viruses provisionally named Pueraria lobata-associated emaravirus (PloAEV, genus Emaravirus), Pueraria lobata-associated crinivirus (PloACV, genus Crinivirus), and isolate CQ of the previ ...[more]

PMID: 36246248

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Project description:Pueraria lobata is an important medicinal and edible homologous plant that is widely cultivated in Asian countries. However, its production and quality are seriously threatened by its susceptibility to pseudo-rust disease. The underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly known, particularly from a transcriptional perspective. Pseudo-rust disease is a major disease in pueraria, primarily caused by Synchytrium puerariae Miy (SpM). In this study, transcriptomic profiles were analyzed and compared between two pueraria varieties: the disease-resistant variety (GUIGE18) and the susceptible variety (GUIGE8). The results suggest that the number of DEGs in GUIGE18 is always more than in GUIGE8 at each of the three time points after SpM infection, indicating that their responses to SpM infection may be different, and that the active response of GUIGE18 to SpM infection may occur earlier than that of GUIGE8. A total of 7044 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and 406 co-expressed DEGs were screened out. Transcription factor analysis among the DEGs revealed that the bHLH, WRKY, ERF, and MYB families may play an important role in the interaction between pueraria and pathogens. A GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these DEGs showed that they were mainly involved in the following pathways: metabolic, defense response, plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway-plant, plant pathogen interaction, flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The CPK, CESA, PME, and CYP gene families may play important roles in the early stages after SpM infection. The DEGs that encode antioxidase (CAT, XDH, and SOD) were much more up-regulated. Defense enzyme activity, endogenous hormones, and flavonoid content changed significantly in the two varieties at the three infection stages. Finally, we speculated on the regulatory pathways of pueraria pseudo-rust and found that an oxidation-reduction process, flavonoid biosynthesis, and ABA signaling genes may be associated with the response to SpM infection in pueraria. These results expand the understanding of pueraria resistance and physiological regulations by multiple pathways.

Project description:IntroductionKyung-Ok-Ko (KOK) is a popular traditional medicine used as a natural alternative to hormone replacement therapy for treating postmenopausal symptoms in Asia. Pueraria lobata Ohwi (P. lobata) is rich in isoflavones and has been traditionally used in combination with other herbs to produce synergistic and pharmaceutical effects via a multi-target approach for disease treatment. We aimed to investigate the phytoestrogenic effects of KOK extract against postmenopausal symptoms in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and confirm its efficacy by mixing KOK and P. lobata extracts.MethodsOVX rats were daily oral administrated with KOK and KOK + P. lobata mixture extracts (300-400 mg/kg) and their body weight and tail temperature were monitored for 12 weeks. The biochemical parameters, estradiol levels, and bone turnover markers were measured in the serum samples. Moreover, the estrogen receptor, ER-α and ER-β expression in the uterus and the uterus morphology were evaluated. AMPK, ATG1/ULK1, and mTOR protein expression in the liver were assessed.ResultsThe 12-week treatment with KOK and KOK + P. lobata mixture extracts did not cause liver damage or hormonal changes in the OVX rats. The treatments reduced the high lipid accumulation-related body weight gain and the tail temperature increase that was induced by ovariectomy. Further, it exhibited protective effects against hyperlipidemia and osteoporosis. No significant difference was observed in uterine weight compared to the OVX-treated group, while endometrial thickness reduction inhibition was observed due to ovariectomy. Bone mineral density (BMD) and serum osteocalcin levels, which decreased in OVX rats, increased with both treatments. Western blotting analysis showed that ER-α and ER-β were not expressed in the treated rats, whereas these proteins were expressed in Sham-operated rats. No significant differences in the phosphorylation of AMPK were observed; however, the ATG1/ULK1 and mTOR protein phosphorylation levels were upregulated and downregulated in the treated rats compared to those of OVX rats, respectively.ConclusionThis is the first in vivo study observing the efficacy and synergistic effects of the mixture of KOK and P. lobata. Our results suggest the potential of KOK and KOK + P. lobata mixture as an alternative therapy for alleviating menopausal symptoms.

Dataset Information

Mixed infection of an emaravirus, a crinivirus, and a begomovirus in Pueraria lobata (Willd) Ohwi.

Publications

Mixed infection of an emaravirus, a crinivirus, and a begomovirus in <i>Pueraria lobata</i> (Willd) Ohwi.

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