Dataset Information

Mind the gap: Distributed practice enhances performance in a MOBA game.

ABSTRACT: Understanding how humans master complex skills has the potential for wide-reaching societal benefit. Research has shown that one important aspect of effective skill learning is the temporal distribution of practice episodes (i.e., distributed practice). Using a large observational sample of players (n = 162,417) drawn from a competitive and popular online game (League of Legends), we analysed the relationship between practice distribution and performance through time. We compared groups of players who exhibited different play schedules using data slicing and machine learning techniques, to show that players who cluster gameplay into shorter time frames ultimately achieve lower performance levels than those who space their games across longer time windows. Additionally, we found that the timing of intensive play periods does not affect final performance-it is the overall amount of spacing that matters. These results extend some of the key findings in the literature on practice and learning to an ecologically valid environment with huge n. We discuss our work in relation to recent studies that have examined practice effects using Big Data and suggest solutions for salient confounds.

SUBMITTER: Vardal O

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9565695 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mind the gap: Distributed practice enhances performance in a MOBA game.

Vardal Ozan O Bonometti Valerio V Drachen Anders A Wade Alex A Stafford Tom T

PloS one 20221014 10

Understanding how humans master complex skills has the potential for wide-reaching societal benefit. Research has shown that one important aspect of effective skill learning is the temporal distribution of practice episodes (i.e., distributed practice). Using a large observational sample of players (n = 162,417) drawn from a competitive and popular online game (League of Legends), we analysed the relationship between practice distribution and performance through time. We compared groups of playe ...[more]

PMID: 36240151

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Project description:IntroductionUNFPA recently developed a composite indicator to assess sexual and reproductive health (SRH)-related laws as part of the Sustainable Development Goals monitoring framework (Indicator 5.6.2). However, there is still little understanding of how best to ensure a supportive SRH-related legal framework can improve SRH outcomes. This research draws on country case studies (Colombia, Malawi, Uruguay, Zambia) to provide more generalizable lessons on the processes by which these laws are translated into practice and their impact on lived realities.MethodsPeer-reviewed and gray literature on laws and policies related to maternity care, contraception, sexuality education, HIV and HPV was reviewed. Key informant interviews were carried out with 8-16 people in each country, including representatives of government, civil society and academia to understand factors affecting implementation of relevant laws and policies. Findings were thematically analyzed by country and contextualized within each country's score on Indicator 5.6.2 and relevant SRH outcome data.FindingsAcross these countries, some common organizational steps help move from laws on paper to impacting people's lives including budget allocation, development of technical guidance, health worker training, population awareness creation and demand generation. It is also important to address sociocultural challenges such as entrenched inequalities, conservative cultural and religious beliefs and the potential existence of customary law. Challenges can be encountered across all these steps and can vary based on the area of SRH: implementation of laws to reduce maternal mortality is generally less controversial than laws around abortion, often making the latter harder to implement. Local specificities in structures, systems and cultures bring opportunities and challenges, highlighting the need for tailored actions.DiscussionA legal framework supportive to SRH is critical, particularly in the face of backlash against sexual and reproductive rights, but alone it is insufficient. Understanding that a generic pathway exists for moving laws into practice is a critical starting point for exploring the specificities of each national context as a way of identifying entry points for action. These findings can be used to inform advocacy and monitoring to help ensure that the potential benefits of supportive SRH-related laws can be realized in these four countries and around the world.

Project description:BackgroundThe 2003 revision of the UK GMS contract rewards general practices for performance against clinical quality indicators. Practices can exempt patients from treatment, and can receive maximum payment for less than full coverage of eligible patients. This paper aims to estimate the gap between the percentage of maximum incentive gained and the percentage of patients receiving indicated care (the pay-performance gap), and to estimate how much of the gap is attributable respectively to thresholds and to exception reporting.MethodsAnalysis of Quality Outcomes Framework data in the National Primary Care Database and exception reporting data from the Information Centre from 8407 practices in England in 2005 - 6. The main outcome measures were the gap between the percentage of maximum incentive gained and the percentage of patients receiving indicated care at the practice level, both for individual indicators and a combined composite score. An additional outcome was the percentage of that gap attributable respectively to exception reporting and maximum threshold targets set at less than 100%.ResultsThe mean pay-performance gap for the 65 aggregated clinical indicators was 13.3% (range 2.9% to 48%). 52% of this gap (6.9% of eligible patients) is attributable to thresholds being set at less than 100%, and 48% to patients being exception reported. The gap was greater than 25% in 9 indicators: beta blockers and cholesterol control in heart disease; cholesterol control in stroke; influenza immunization in asthma; blood pressure, sugar and cholesterol control in diabetes; seizures in epilepsy and treatment of hypertension.ConclusionThreshold targets and exception reporting introduce an incentive ceiling, which substantially reduces the percentage of eligible patients that UK practices need to treat in order to receive maximum incentive payments for delivering that care. There are good clinical reasons for exception reporting, but after unsuitable patients have been exempted from treatment, there is no reason why all maximum thresholds should not be 100%, whilst retaining the current lower thresholds to provide incentives for lower performing practices.

Dataset Information

Mind the gap: Distributed practice enhances performance in a MOBA game.

Publications

Mind the gap: Distributed practice enhances performance in a MOBA game.

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