Dataset Information

Virulence characteristics of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and its genetic diversity by EST-SSR analyses.

ABSTRACT: Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (an obligate biotrophic pathogen) is a worldwide threat to wheat production that occurs over a wide geographic area in China. For monitoring genetic variation and virulence structure of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici in Liaoning, Heilongjiang, and Sichuan in 2015, 31 wheat lines with known Powdery mildew resistance genes and 2 EST-SSR markers were used to characterize the virulence and genetic diversity. Results indicated that 90% of all isolates were virulent on Pm3c, Pm3e, Pm3f, Pm4a, Pm5, Pm6 (Timgalen), Pm7, Pm16, Pm19, and Pm1 + 2 + 9 and 62.6% to 89.9% of isolates were virulent on Pm3a, Pm3b, Pm3d, Pm4b, Pm6 (Coker747), Pm8, Pm17, Pm20, Pm23, Pm30, Pm4 + 8, Pm5 + 6, Pm4b + mli, Pm2 + mld, Pm4 + 2X, Pm2 + 6. The Pm13 and PmXBD genes were effective against most collected isolates from Liaoning and Heilongjiang Provinces. Only Pm21 exhibited an immune infection response to all isolates. Furthermore, closely related isolates within each region were distinguished by cluster analyses using EST-SSR representing some gene exchanges and genetic relationships between the flora in Northeast China (Liaoning, Heilongjiang) and Sichuan. Only 45% of the isolates tested show a clear correlation between EST-SSR genetic polymorphisms and the frequency of virulence gene data. However, the EST-SSR polymorphism of isolated genes did not correspond to the virulence diversity of isolates in the single-gene lineage identification of hosts.

SUBMITTER: Zhang Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9575677 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Virulence characteristics of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and its genetic diversity by EST-SSR analyses.

Zhang Yazhao Y Wu Xianxin X Wang Wanlin W Xu Yiwei Y Sun Huiyan H Cao Yuanyin Y Li Tianya T Karimi-Jashni Mansoor M

PeerJ 20221014

Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (an obligate biotrophic pathogen) is a worldwide threat to wheat production that occurs over a wide geographic area in China. For monitoring genetic variation and virulence structure of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici in Liaoning, Heilongjiang, and Sichuan in 2015, 31 wheat lines with known Powdery mildew resistance genes and 2 EST-SSR markers were used to characterize the virulence and genetic diversit ...[more]

PMID: 36262408

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Project description:Conidia of the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) play a vital role in its survival and rapid dispersal. However, little is known about the genetic basis for its asexual reproduction. To uncover the primary metabolic and regulatory events during conidiation, we sequenced the transcriptome of Bgt epiphytic structures at 3 (vegetative hyphae growth), 4 (foot cells initiation), and 5 (conidiophore erection) days post-inoculation (dpi). RNA-seq analyses identified 556 and 404 (combined 685) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 4 and 5 dpi compared with their expression levels at 3 dpi, respectively. We found that several genes involved in the conversion from a variety of sugars to glucose, glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TAC), the electron transport chain (ETC), and unsaturated fatty acid oxidation were activated during conidiation, suggesting that more energy supply is required during this process. Moreover, we found that glucose was converted into glycogen, which was accumulated in developing conidiophores, indicating that it could be the primary energy storage molecule in Bgt conidia. Clustering for the expression profiles of 91 regulatory genes showed that calcium (Ca2+), H2O2, and phosphoinositide (PIP) signaling were involved in Bgt conidiation. Furthermore, a strong accumulation of H2O2 in developing conidiophores was detected. Application of EGTA, a Ca2+ chelator, and trifluoperazine dihydrochloride (TFP), a calmodulin (CaM) antagonist, markedly suppressed the generation of H2O2, affected foot cell and conidiophore development and reduced conidia production significantly. These results suggest that Ca2+ and H2O2 signaling play important roles in conidiogenesis and a crosslink between them is present. In addition to some conidiation-related orthologs known in other fungi, such as the velvet complex components, we identified several other novel B. graminis-specific genes that have not been previously found to be implicated in fungal conidiation, reflecting a unique molecular mechanism underlying asexual development of cereal powdery mildews.

Project description:Wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) is considered a major wheat leaf disease in the main wheat producing regions of the world. Although many resistant wheat cultivars to this disease have been developed, little is known about their resistance mechanisms. Pm40 is a broad, effective resistance gene against powdery mildew in wheat line L699. The aim of this study was to investigate the resistance proteins after Bgt inoculation in wheat lines L699, Neimai836, and Chuannong26. Neimai836 with Pm21 was used as the resistant control, and Chuannong26 without any effective Pm genes was the susceptible control. Proteins were extracted from wheat leaves sampled 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after Bgt inoculation, separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and stained with Coomassie brilliant blue G-250. The results showed that different proteins were upregulated and downregulated in three wheat cultivars at different time points. For the wheat cultivar L699, a total of 62 proteins were upregulated and 71 proteins were downregulated after Bgt inoculation. Among these, 46 upregulated proteins were identified by mass spectrometry analysis using the NCBI nr database of Triticum. The identified proteins were predicted to be associated with the defense response, photosynthesis, signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, energy pathway, protein turnover, and cell structure functions. It is inferred that the proteins are not only involved in defense response, but also other physiological and cellular processes to confer wheat resistance against Bgt. Therefore, the resistance products potentially mediate the immune response and coordinate other physiological and cellular processes during the resistance response to Bgt. The lipoxygenase, glucan exohydrolase, glucose adenylyltransferasesmall, phosphoribulokinase, and phosphoglucomutase are first reported to be involved in the interactions of wheat-Bgt at early stage. The further study of these proteins will deepen our understanding of their detailed functions and potentially develop more efficient disease control strategies.

Dataset Information

Virulence characteristics of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and its genetic diversity by EST-SSR analyses.

Publications

Virulence characteristics of <i>Blumeria graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> and its genetic diversity by EST-SSR analyses.

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