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Advances in stromal cell therapy for management of Alzheimer's disease.

ABSTRACT: Deposition of misfolded proteins and synaptic failure affects the brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its progression results in amnesia and cognitive impairment. Absence of treatment is due to excessive loss of neurons in the patients and the delayed effects of drugs. The enhanced pluripotency, proliferation, differentiation, and recombination characteristics of stromal cells into nerve cells and glial cells present them as a potential treatment for AD. Successful evidence of action in animal models along with positive results in preclinical studies further encourage its utilization for AD treatment. With regard to humans, cell replacement therapy involving mesenchymal stromal cells, induced-pluripotent stromal cells, human embryonic stromal cells, and neural stems show promising results in clinical trials. However, further research is required prior to its use as stromal cell therapy in AD related disorders. The current review deals with the mechanism of development of anomalies such as Alzheimer's and the prospective applications of stromal cells for treatment.

SUBMITTER: Srivastava R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9576849 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Advances in stromal cell therapy for management of Alzheimer's disease.

Srivastava Rashi R Li Aidong A Datta Tirtharaj T Jha Niraj Kumar NK Talukder Salehikram S Jha Saurabh Kumar SK Chen Zhe-Sheng ZS

Frontiers in pharmacology 20221004

Deposition of misfolded proteins and synaptic failure affects the brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its progression results in amnesia and cognitive impairment. Absence of treatment is due to excessive loss of neurons in the patients and the delayed effects of drugs. The enhanced pluripotency, proliferation, differentiation, and recombination characteristics of stromal cells into nerve cells and glial cells present them as a potential treatment for AD. Successful evidence of action in animal mo ...[more]

PMID: 36267273

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Project description:To discuss the pharmacology, mechanism of action, and chemical properties of the cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) rivastigmine; to provide a rationale for transdermal delivery and supportive clinical data, along with practical guidance on rivastigmine patch use in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease dementia. Pivotal studies of rivastigmine capsules and patch were identified using PubMed and the rivastigmine US prescribing information. PubMed searches were performed in 2013 using rivastigmine as a keyword. English-language articles related to rivastigmine considered of relevance to primary care physicians were included. Pharmacologic differences exist between rivastigmine and ChEIs. Clinical studies demonstrate symptomatic efficacy of oral rivastigmine across all stages of Alzheimer's disease and mild-to-moderate Parkinson's disease dementia. However, gastrointestinal adverse events limit access to optimal therapeutic doses. Strategies that lower maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) and prolong time to Cmax, ie, transdermal delivery, may improve tolerability. Clinical registration studies have demonstrated improved tolerability of rivastigmine 9.5-mg/24-h patch versus 6-mg twice-daily capsules in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease, and a positive benefit-risk profile of 13.3-mg/24-h versus 9.5-mg/24-h patch in patients needing enhanced efficacy. Clinical data comparing 13.3-mg/24-h versus 4.6-mg/24-h patch in severe Alzheimer's disease demonstrated efficacy on cognition and activities of daily living. These data led to approval of rivastigmine patch in severe Alzheimer's disease. Transdermal delivery also has practical advantages, including simple, once-daily administration and a visual indicator of compliance. Potential application site reactions can be minimized and need not be a barrier to treatment. In addition to practical advantages, rivastigmine patch may improve clinical outcomes throughout the course of Alzheimer's disease by providing access to high-dose efficacy without compromising tolerability.

Dataset Information

Advances in stromal cell therapy for management of Alzheimer's disease.

Publications

Advances in stromal cell therapy for management of Alzheimer's disease.

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