Artificial intelligence for online characterization of ultrashort X-ray free-electron laser pulses.

ABSTRACT: X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) as the world's brightest light sources provide ultrashort X-ray pulses with a duration typically in the order of femtoseconds. Recently, they have approached and entered the attosecond regime, which holds new promises for single-molecule imaging and studying nonlinear and ultrafast phenomena such as localized electron dynamics. The technological evolution of XFELs toward well-controllable light sources for precise metrology of ultrafast processes has been, however, hampered by the diagnostic capabilities for characterizing X-ray pulses at the attosecond frontier. In this regard, the spectroscopic technique of photoelectron angular streaking has successfully proven how to non-destructively retrieve the exact time-energy structure of XFEL pulses on a single

SUBMITTER: Dingel K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9592592 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature