Ideal Male Umbilicus: An Observational Study of Surface Anatomy and Introduction to the SHAPE Classification.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The umbilicus is crucial to the aesthetic appearance of the abdomen. With abdominoplasty and umbilicoplasty, placement of the umbilicus is essential and often left at the surgeon's discretion. This study aims to investigate the ideal male umbilical shape and location by examining photographs of top male models in 2019.

Methods

In this observational study, we examined 81 photographs of top male models to assess different ratios based on anatomical landmarks and umbilical appearance.

Results

The ratio of the distance from the xiphoid to the center of umbilicus (XU) and corresponding distance from center of umbilicus to abdominal crease (UC) had the most reliability (ratio XU/UC, with average measurement: 1.68 ± 0.38), which placed the male navel at a similar

SUBMITTER: Graham KA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9592660 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature