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Oxytocin signaling in the posterior hypothalamus prevents hyperphagic obesity in mice.

ABSTRACT: Decades of studies have revealed molecular and neural circuit bases for body weight homeostasis. Neural hormone oxytocin (Oxt) has received attention in this context because it is produced by neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH), a known output center of hypothalamic regulation of appetite. Oxt has an anorexigenic effect, as shown in human studies, and can mediate satiety signals in rodents. However, the function of Oxt signaling in the physiological regulation of appetite has remained in question, because whole-body knockout (KO) of Oxt or Oxt receptor (Oxtr) has little effect on food intake. We herein show that acute conditional KO (cKO) of Oxt selectively in the adult PVH, but not in the supraoptic nucleus, markedly increases body weight and food intake, with an elevated level of plasma triglyceride and leptin. Intraperitoneal administration of Oxt rescues the hyperphagic phenotype of the PVH Oxt cKO model. Furthermore, we show that cKO of Oxtr selectively in the posterior hypothalamic regions, especially the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus, a primary center for appetite regulations, phenocopies hyperphagic obesity. Collectively, these data reveal that Oxt signaling in the arcuate nucleus suppresses excessive food intake.

SUBMITTER: Inada K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9596155 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Oxytocin signaling in the posterior hypothalamus prevents hyperphagic obesity in mice.

Inada Kengo K Tsujimoto Kazoku K Yoshida Masahide M Nishimori Katsuhiko K Miyamichi Kazunari K

eLife 20221025

Decades of studies have revealed molecular and neural circuit bases for body weight homeostasis. Neural hormone oxytocin (Oxt) has received attention in this context because it is produced by neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH), a known output center of hypothalamic regulation of appetite. Oxt has an anorexigenic effect, as shown in human studies, and can mediate satiety signals in rodents. However, the function of Oxt signaling in the physiological regulation of appetite h ...[more]

PMID: 36281647

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Project description:IntroductionPhysical activity is recommended as an alternative treatment for depression. Myokines, which are secreted from skeletal muscles during physical activity, play an important role in the skeletal muscle-brain axis. Musclin, a newly discovered myokine, exerts physical endurance, however, the effects of musclin on emotional behaviors, such as depression, have not been evaluated. This study aimed to access the anti-depressive effect of musclin and clarify the connection between depression-like behavior and hypothalamic neuropeptides in mice.MethodsWe measured the immobility time in the forced swim (FS) test, the time spent in open arm in the elevated-plus maze (EPM) test, the mRNA levels of hypothalamic neuropeptides, and enumerated the c-Fos-positive cells in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), arcuate nucleus (ARC), and nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) in mice with the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of musclin. Next, we evaluated the effects of a selective corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) type 1 receptor antagonist, selective CRF type 2 receptor antagonist, melanocortin receptor (MCR) agonist, and selective melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) agonist on changes in behaviors induced by musclin. Finally we evaluated the antidepressant effect of musclin using mice exposed to repeated water immersion (WI) stress.ResultsWe found that the i.p. and i.c.v. administration of musclin decreased the immobility time and relative time in the open arms (open %) in mice and increased urocortin 2 (Ucn 2) levels but decreased proopiomelanocortin levels in the hypothalamus. The numbers of c-Fos-positive cells were increased in the PVN and NTS but decreased in the ARC of mice with i.p. administration of musclin. The c-Fos-positive cells in the PVN were also found to be Ucn 2-positive. The antidepressant and anxiogenic effects of musclin were blocked by central administration of a CRF type 2 receptor antagonist and a melanocortin 4 receptor agonist, respectively. Peripheral administration of musclin also prevented depression-like behavior and the decrease in levels of hypothalamic Ucn 2 induced by repeated WI stress.DiscussionThese data identify the antidepressant effects of musclin through the activation of central Ucn 2 signaling and suggest that musclin and Ucn 2 can be new therapeutic targets and endogenous peptides mediating the muscle-brain axis.

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Oxytocin signaling in the posterior hypothalamus prevents hyperphagic obesity in mice.

Publications

Oxytocin signaling in the posterior hypothalamus prevents hyperphagic obesity in mice.

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