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An Alzheimer's Disease Patient-Derived Olfactory Stem Cell Model Identifies Gene Expression Changes Associated with Cognition.

ABSTRACT: An early symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an impaired sense of smell, for which the molecular basis remains elusive. Here, we generated human olfactory neurosphere-derived (ONS) cells from people with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and performed global RNA sequencing to determine gene expression changes. ONS cells expressed markers of neuroglial differentiation, providing a unique cellular model to explore changes of early AD-associated pathways. Our transcriptomics data from ONS cells revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with cognitive processes in AD cells compared to MCI, or matched healthy controls (HC). A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 6 (AKAP6) was the most significantly altered gene in AD compared to both MCI and HC, and has been linked to cognitive function. The greatest change in gene expression of all DEGs occurred between AD and MCI. Gene pathway analysis revealed defects in multiple cellular processes with aging, intellectual deficiency and alternative splicing being the most significantly dysregulated in AD ONS cells. Our results demonstrate that ONS cells can provide a cellular model for AD that recapitulates disease-associated differences. We have revealed potential novel genes, including AKAP6 that may have a role in AD, particularly MCI to AD transition, and should be further examined.

SUBMITTER: Rantanen LM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9601087 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An Alzheimer's Disease Patient-Derived Olfactory Stem Cell Model Identifies Gene Expression Changes Associated with Cognition.

Rantanen Laura M LM Bitar Maina M Lampinen Riikka R Stewart Romal R Quek Hazel H Oikari Lotta E LE Cunί-Lόpez Carla C Sutharsan Ratneswary R Thillaiyampalam Gayathri G Iqbal Jamila J Russell Daniel D Penttilä Elina E Löppönen Heikki H Lehtola Juha-Matti JM Saari Toni T Hannonen Sanna S Koivisto Anne M AM Haupt Larisa M LM Mackay-Sim Alan A Cristino Alexandre S AS Kanninen Katja M KM White Anthony R AR

Cells 20221017 20

An early symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an impaired sense of smell, for which the molecular basis remains elusive. Here, we generated human olfactory neurosphere-derived (ONS) cells from people with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and performed global RNA sequencing to determine gene expression changes. ONS cells expressed markers of neuroglial differentiation, providing a unique cellular model to explore changes of early AD-associated pathways. Our transcriptomics data from ONS ...[more]

PMID: 36291125

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Project description:BackgroundTrisomy 21 (T21) is associated with intellectual disability that ranges from mild to profound with an average intellectual quotient of around 50. Furthermore, T21 patients have a high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) early in life, characterized by the presence of senile plaques of amyloid protein and neurofibrillary tangles, leading to neuronal loss and cognitive decline. We postulate that epigenetic factors contribute to the observed variability in intellectual disability, as well as at the level of neurodegeneration seen in T21 individuals.Materials and methodsA genome-wide DNA methylation study was performed using Illumina Infinium® MethylationEPIC BeadChips on whole blood DNA of 3 male T21 patients with low IQ, 8 T21 patients with high IQ (4 males and 4 females), and 21 age- and sex-matched control samples (12 males and 9 females) in order to determine whether DNA methylation alterations could help explain variation in cognitive impairment between individuals with T21. In view of the increased risk of developing AD in T21 individuals, we additionally investigated the T21-associated sites in published blood DNA methylation data from the AgeCoDe cohort (German study on Ageing, Cognition, and Dementia). AgeCoDe represents a prospective longitudinal study including non-demented individuals at baseline of which a part develops AD dementia at follow-up.ResultsTwo thousand seven hundred sixteen differentially methylated sites and regions discriminating T21 and healthy individuals were identified. In the T21 high and low IQ comparison, a single CpG located in the promoter of PELI1 was differentially methylated after multiple testing adjustment. For the same contrast, 69 differentially methylated regions were identified. Performing a targeted association analysis for the significant T21-associated CpG sites in the AgeCoDe cohort, we found that 9 showed significant methylation differences related to AD dementia, including one in the ADAM10 gene. This gene has previously been shown to play a role in the prevention of amyloid plaque formation in the brain.ConclusionThe differentially methylated regions may help understand the interaction between methylation alterations and cognitive function. In addition, ADAM10 might be a valuable blood-based biomarker for at least the early detection of AD.

Dataset Information

An Alzheimer's Disease Patient-Derived Olfactory Stem Cell Model Identifies Gene Expression Changes Associated with Cognition.

Publications

An Alzheimer's Disease Patient-Derived Olfactory Stem Cell Model Identifies Gene Expression Changes Associated with Cognition.

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