Immunotherapy and Radiotherapy as an Antitumoral Long-Range Weapon-A Partnership with Unsolved Challenges: Dose, Fractionation, Volumes, Therapeutic Sequence.

ABSTRACT: Immunotherapy, the modern oncological treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has been part of the clinical practice for malignant melanoma for more than a decade. Anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), anti-programmed cell death Protein 1 (PD-1), or anti programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) agents are currently part of the therapeutic arsenal of metastatic or relapsed disease in numerous cancers; more recently, they have also been evaluated and validated as consolidation therapy in the advanced local stage. The combination with radiotherapy, a treatment historically considered loco-regional, changes the paradigm, offering-via synergistic effects-the potential to increase immune-mediated tumor destruction. However, the fragile balance between the tumoricidal effects throug

SUBMITTER: Mirestean CC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9601214 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature