Exploring of cardiac autonomic activity with heart rate variability in long-term kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) users: a preliminary study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Kratom is a psychoactive plant used to enhance productivity among laborers in Southeast Asian countries. Previous findings from in vitro research of mitragynine, a major component of kratom, suggested a possible risk of heart function abnormality. However, the cardiac autonomic function in long-term kratom users with chewing forms has never been studied. This study aimed to investigate heart rate variability (HRV) indices of cardiac autonomic function in long-term kratom chewers (LKC), compared to the control levels, and also to examine the correlation between HRV indices and relevant kratom use factors.

Method

A total number of 50 participants consisted of LKC (n = 31) who regularly chewed fresh kratom leaves for at least 2 years and demographically

SUBMITTER: Saengmolee W 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9615942 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature