Tumor Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Key Players for Immunotherapy.

ABSTRACT: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a serious medical therapeutic challenge as conventional curative avenues such as surgery and chemotherapy only benefit for few patients with limited tumor burden. Immunotherapy achieves clinical progress in the treatment of this prevalent malignant disease by virtue of the development of tumor immunology; however, most patients have experienced minimal or no clinical benefit in terms of overall survival. The complexity and diversity of tumor microenvironment (TME) built by immune and stromal cell subsets has been considered to be responsible for the insufficiency of immunotherapy. The advance of bioanalytical technology boosts the exploration of the composition and differentiation of these infiltrated cells, which reflect the immune state of the TME a

SUBMITTER: Feng H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9618253 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature