Dataset Information

Effect of Anemia on Readmission and Death in Octogenarian Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in the octogenarian population is a highly prevalent disorder associated with increased mortality rates. Anemia is a common disorder in older adults and is often left untreated. We investigated whether anemia was a risk factor for LRTI-caused readmission and death in octogenarian patients.

Design

A retrospective cohort study was designed. Participants. Old patients (age: ≥80 years) hospitalized at the Department of Geriatrics to undergo treatment for LRTIs were included. A total of 215 patients (mean age: 88.73 years; 77.2% men) were studied. The patients were divided into two groups (anemia and non-anemia) based on the hemoglobin level. They were followed up for 1 year after discharge or until mortality event. The primary follow-up outcome was LRTI-caused readmission and/or death.

Results

The risk of readmission due to LTRI within 1 year of discharge was 2.308 times higher in the anemia group than the risk for the non-anemia group. The number of patients experiencing ≥2 readmissions in the anemia group was significantly higher than that in the non-anemia group (35 (23.5%) vs. 2 (3%), P < 0.001). To prevent readmission of one case, only 2.65 cases with anemia needed to be treated. Furthermore, the risk of LRTI-related deaths was 6.644 times higher in the anemia group than the risk for the non-anemia group. To prevent death of one case, only 3.9 cases with anemia needed to be treated. Statistic results revealed that hemoglobin was an independent protective factor for LRTI-caused readmission (logistic regression method, OR, 0.969; 95% CI, 0.950-0.989) and deaths (Cox regression method, β, -0.037, HR, 0.964; 95% CI, 0.934-0.994).

Conclusions

Anemia is a widely prevalent and relevant risk factor associated with LRTI-caused readmission and death within 1 year of discharge in octogenarian patients. Trial Registration. This trial is registered with NCT05355324.

SUBMITTER: He Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9633185 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Effect of Anemia on Readmission and Death in Octogenarian Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

He Yu Y Chen Ying Y Cao Kai K Zheng Hui H

International journal of clinical practice 20221027

<h4>Objectives</h4>Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in the octogenarian population is a highly prevalent disorder associated with increased mortality rates. Anemia is a common disorder in older adults and is often left untreated. We investigated whether anemia was a risk factor for LRTI-caused readmission and death in octogenarian patients.<h4>Design</h4>A retrospective cohort study was designed. <i>Participants</i>. Old patients (age: ≥80 years) hospitalized at the Department of Geriatr ...[more]

PMID: 36349057

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Project description:BackgroundAntibiotics are overused in patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs), but less is known about their use in patients with asthma, or the use of asthma medication for ALRTI in patients without asthma. Our aim was to describe the frequency, variation and drivers in antibiotic and asthma medication prescribing for ALRTI in adults with and without asthma in primary care.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis of patients aged ≥12 years, diagnosed with an ALRTI in primary care in 2014-15 was conducted using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Current asthma status, asthma medication and oral antibiotic use within 3 days of ALRTI infection was determined. Treatment frequency was calculated by asthma status. Mixed-effect regression models were used to explore between-practice variation and treatment determinants.ResultsThere were 127,976 ALRTIs reported among 110,418 patients during the study period, of whom 17,952 (16%) had asthma. Respectively, 81 and 79% of patients with and without asthma received antibiotics, and 41 and 15% asthma medication. There were significant differences in between-practice prescribing for all treatments, with greatest differences seen for oral steroids (odds ratio (OR) 18; 95% CI 7-82 and OR = 94; 33-363, with and without asthma) and asthma medication only (OR 7; 4-18 and OR = 17; 10-33, with and without asthma). Independent predictors of antibiotic prescribing among patients with asthma included fewer previous ALRTI presentations (≥2 vs. 0 previous ALRTI: OR = 0.25; 0.16-0.39), higher practice (OR = 1.47; 1.35-1.60 per SD) and prior antibiotic prescribing (3+ vs. 1 prescriptions OR = 1.28; 1.04-1.57) and concurrent asthma medication (OR = 1.44; 1.32-1.57). Independent predictors of asthma medication in patients without asthma included higher prior asthma medication prescribing (≥7 vs. 0 prescriptions OR = 2.31; 1.83-2.91) and concurrent antibiotic prescribing (OR = 3.59; 3.22-4.01).ConclusionFindings from the study indicate that antibiotics are over-used for ALRTI, irrespective of asthma status, and asthma medication is over-used in patients without asthma, with between-practice variation suggesting considerable clinical uncertainty. Further research is urgently needed to clarify the role of these medications for ALRTI.

Project description:BackgroundBronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS)-chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) affecting the lungs-is an uncommon complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). The epidemiology and complications of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and community-acquired respiratory viruses (CARVs) in these patients are poorly understood.ObjectivesWe aim to characterize the epidemiology of LRTIs in patients with BOS complicating HCT. We also aim to explore the association of LRTIs and CARV detection on lung function in BOS patients.Study designAdult patients with BOS at Stanford Health Care between January 2010 and December 2019 were included in this retrospective cohort study. LRTI diagnosis was based on combined clinical, microbiologic, and radiographic criteria, using consensus criteria where available.ResultsFifty-five patients with BOS were included. BOS was diagnosed at a median of 19.2 (IQR 12.5-24.7) months after HCT, and patients were followed for a median of 29.3 (IQR 9.9-53.2) months from BOS diagnosis. Twenty-two (40%) patients died after BOS diagnosis; 17 patients died from complications of cGVHD (including respiratory failure and infection) and 5 died from relapsed disease. Thirty-four (61.8%) patients developed at least one LRTI. Viral LRTIs were most common, occurring in 29 (52.7%) patients, primarily due to rhinovirus. Bacterial LRTIs-excluding Nocardia and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)-were the second most common, occurring in 21 (38.2%) patients, mostly due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fungal LRTIs, NTM, and nocardiosis occurred in 14 (25.5%), 10 (18.2%), and 4 (7.3%) patients, respectively. Median time to development of the first LRTI after BOS diagnosis was 15.3 (4.7-44.7) months. Twenty-six (76.5%) of the 34 patients who developed LRTIs had infections due to more than one type of organism-fungi, viruses, Nocardia, NTM, and other bacteria-over the observation period. Patients with at least one LRTI had significantly lower forced expiratory volume in one second percent predicted (FEV1%) (37% vs. 53%, p = 0.0096) and diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) (45.5% predicted vs. 69% predicted, p = 0.0001). Patients with at least one LRTI trended toward lower overall survival (OS) (p = 0.0899) and higher non-relapse mortality (NRM) (p = 0.2707). Patients with a CARV detected or LRTI diagnosed after BOS-compared to those without any CARV detected or LRTI diagnosed-were more likely to have a sustained drop in FEV1% from baseline of at least 10% (21 [61.8%] versus 7 [33.3%]) and a sustained drop in FEV1% of at least 30% (12 [36.4%] versus 2 [9.5%]).ConclusionsLRTIs are common in BOS and associated with lower FEV1%, lower DLCO, and a trend toward decreased OS and higher NRM. Patients with LRTIs or CARVs (even absent lower respiratory tract involvement) were more likely to have substantial declines in FEV1% over time than those without. The array of organisms-including P. aeruginosa, mold, Nocardia, NTM, and CARVs-seen in BOS reflects the unique pathophysiology of this form of cGVHD, involving both systemic immunodeficiency and structural lung disease. These patterns of LRTIs and their outcomes can be used to guide clinical decisions and inform future research.

Project description:BackgroundIt is unknown whether this burden of disease of lower respiratory tract infections is comparable across the Canadian Arctic. The objectives of this surveillance study were to compare the rates of hospital admission for lower respiratory tract infection and the severity of infection across Arctic Canada, and to describe the responsible viruses.MethodsWe performed a prospective multicentre surveillance study of infants less than 1 year of age admitted in 2009 with lower respiratory tract infection to all hospitals (5 regional, 4 tertiary) in the Northwest Territories, Nunavut and Nunavik to assess for regional differences. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were processed by means of a polymerase chain reaction respiratory viral panel, testing for 20 respiratory viruses and influenza A (H1N1). The role of coinfection was assessed by means of regression analysis for length of stay (short: < 7 d; long: > 14 d). Outcomes compared included rates of lower respiratory tract infection, respiratory syncytial virus infection, transfer to tertiary hospital and severe lower respiratory tract infection (respiratory failure, intubation and mechanical ventilation, and/or cardiopulmonary resuscitation).ResultsThere were 348 admissions for lower respiratory tract infection in the population of interest in 2009. Rates of admission per 1000 live births varied significantly, from 39 in the Northwest Territories to 456 in Nunavik (p < 0.001). The rates of tertiary admissions and severe lower respiratory tract infection per 1000 live births in the Northwest Territories were 5.6 and 1.4, respectively, compared to 55.9 and 17.1, respectively, in Nunavut and 52.0 and 20.0, respectively, in Nunavik (p ≤ 0.001). Respiratory syncytial virus was the most common virus identified (124 cases [41.6% of those tested]), and coinfection was detected in 51 cases (41.1%) of infection with this virus. Longer length of stay was associated with coinfection (odds ratio [OR] 2.64) and underlying risk factors (OR 4.39). Length of stay decreased by 32.2% for every 30-day increase in age (OR 0.68).InterpretationNunavut and Nunavik have very elevated rates of lower respiratory tract infection, with severe outcomes. Respiratory syncytial virus was the most common virus identified, and coinfection was associated with longer length of stay. Targeted public health interventions are required to reduce the burden of disease for infants residing in these Arctic regions.

Project description:BACKGROUND: Acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) are a major cause of hospitalisation in young children. Many factors can lead to increased risk of ALRI in children and predispose a child to hospitalisation, but population attributable fractions for different risk factors and how these fractions differ between Indigenous and non-Indigenous children is unknown. This study investigates population attributable fractions of known infant and maternal risk factors for ALRI to inform prevention strategies that target high-risk groups or particular risk factors. METHODS: A retrospective population-based data linkage study of 245,249 singleton births in Western Australia. Population attributable fractions of known maternal and infant risk factors for hospitalisation with ALRI between 1996 and 2005 were calculated using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The overall ALRI hospitalisation rate was 16.1/1,000 person-years for non-Aboriginal children and 93.0/1,000 for Aboriginal children. Male gender, being born in autumn, gestational age <33 weeks, and multiple previous pregnancies were significant risk factors for ALRI in both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. In non-Aboriginal children, maternal smoking during pregnancy accounted for 6.3% (95%CI: 5.0, 7.6) of the population attributable fraction for ALRI, being born in autumn accounted for 12.3% (10.8, 13.8), being born to a mother with three or more previous pregnancies accounted for 15.4% (14.1, 17.0) and delivery by elective caesarean accounted for 4.1% (2.8, 5.3). In Aboriginal children, being born to a mother with three or more previous pregnancies accounted for 16.5% (11.8, 20.9), but remote location at birth accounted for 11.7% (8.5, 14.8), maternal age <20 years accounted for 11.2% (7.8, 14.5), and being in the most disadvantaged socio-economic group accounted for 18.4% (-6.5, 37.4) of the population attributable fraction. CONCLUSIONS: The population attributable fractions estimated in this study should help in guiding public health interventions to prevent ALRI. A key risk factor for all children is maternal smoking during pregnancy, and multiple previous pregnancies and autumnal births are important high-risk groups. Specific key target areas are reducing elective caesareans in non-Aboriginal women and reducing teenage pregnancies and improving access to services and living conditions for the Aboriginal population.

Dataset Information

Effect of Anemia on Readmission and Death in Octogenarian Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives

Design

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Effect of Anemia on Readmission and Death in Octogenarian Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Similar Datasets

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