Immune Imprinting and Protection against Repeat Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Chemaitelly H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9634858 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Nov
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Immune Imprinting and Protection against Repeat Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2.
Chemaitelly Hiam H Ayoub Houssein H HH Tang Patrick P Hasan Mohammad R MR Coyle Peter P Yassine Hadi M HM Al-Khatib Hebah A HA Smatti Maria K MK Al-Kanaani Zaina Z Al-Kuwari Einas E Jeremijenko Andrew A Kaleeckal Anvar H AH Latif Ali N AN Shaik Riyazuddin M RM Abdul-Rahim Hanan F HF Nasrallah Gheyath K GK Al-Kuwari Mohamed G MG Butt Adeel A AA Al-Romaihi Hamad E HE Al-Thani Mohamed H MH Al-Khal Abdullatif A Bertollini Roberto R Abu-Raddad Laith J LJ
The New England journal of medicine 20221012 18
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Project description:IntroductionPatients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) represent a vulnerable group with multiple risk factors that are associated with poor outcomes after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Despite established susceptibility to infectious complications and the importance of humoral immunity in protection against SARS-CoV-2, few studies have investigated the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 within this population. Here, we evaluate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in patients awaiting renal transplantation and determine whether seroconverted patients with ESKD have durable and functional neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2.MethodsSerum samples were obtained from 164 patients with ESKD by August 2020. Humoral immune responses were evaluated by SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 subunit and nucleoprotein semiquantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotype neutralization assay.ResultsAll patients with ESKD with reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed infection (n = 17) except for 1 individual seroconverted against SARS-CoV-2. Overall seroprevalence (anti-S1 and/or anti-N IgG) was 36% and was higher in patients on hemodialysis (44.2%). A total of 35.6% of individuals who seroconverted were asymptomatic. Seroconversion in the absence of a neutralizing antibody (nAb) titer was observed in 12 patients, all of whom were asymptomatic. Repeat measurements at a median of 93 days from baseline sampling revealed that most individuals retained detectable responses although a significant drop in S1, N and nAb titers was observed.ConclusionPatients with ESKD, including those who develop asymptomatic disease, routinely seroconvert and produce detectable nAb titers against SARS-CoV-2. Although IgG levels wane over time, the neutralizing antibodies remain detectable in most patients, suggesting some level of protection is likely maintained, particularly in those who originally develop stronger responses.
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