The Dimensions of Reports From Around the World That Address Diversity in Oncology.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Takabe K
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9635789 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
The Dimensions of Reports From Around the World That Address Diversity in Oncology.
Takabe Kazuaki K Day Vidalina V Benesch Matthew G K MGK
World journal of oncology 20221022 5
Similar Datasets
Project description:We propose that when individuals believe in fixed traits of personality (entity theorists), they are likely to expect a world of "uniformity." As such, they easily infer a population statistic from a small sample of data with confidence. In contrast, individuals who believe in malleable traits of personality (incremental theorists) are likely to presume a world of "diversity," such that they "hesitate" to infer a population statistic from a similarly sized sample. In four laboratory experiments, we found that compared to incremental theorists, entity theorists estimated a population mean from a sample with a greater level of confidence (Studies 1a and 1b), expected more homogeneity among the entities within a population (Study 2), and perceived an extreme value to be more indicative of an outlier (Study 3). These results suggest that individuals are likely to use their implicit self-theory orientations (entity theory versus incremental theory) to see a population in general as a constitution either of homogeneous or heterogeneous entities.
| S-EPMC5158088 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Thrips are a serious pest in many crops. In onion cultivation, Thrips tabaci is the most important, but not the only thrips species causing damage. We investigated which thrips species affects onion and related species worldwide, how much genetic variation there is within T. tabaci populations, and how this evolves. Furthermore, we determined the reproductive mode and the correlation between the genetic and geographic distances. Thrips samples from infested onions or related species were obtained from 14 different locations worldwide. Species and haplotypes were determined through DNA barcoding with the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Thrips tabaci was the most commonly observed species, but Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips palmi, Frankliniella intonsa, Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella tenuicornis were also found, especially at the beginning of the growing seasons and depending on the location. The Nei's genetic distance within T. tabaci was less than 5% and the haplotypes were clustered into two phylogenetic groups, each linked to a specific mode of reproduction, thelytokous or arrhenotokous. Thelytokous thrips were more common and more widely distributed than arrhenotokous thrips. A high percentage of heteroplasmy was detected in the arrhenotokous group. Heteroplasmic thrips were only found in populations where thelytokous and arrhenotokous were present in sympatry. Some T. tabaci haplotypes were present in high frequency at several sampled locations. No correlation was found between the genetic and geographic distances, which points to anthropic activities spreading thrips haplotypes throughout the world.
| S-EPMC10434924 | biostudies-literature
Project description:It is becoming increasingly clear that the shape of the genome importantly influences transcription regulation. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were recently shown to organize their chromosomes into topological domains that are largely invariant between cell types. Here, we applied 4C technology and combined ChIP-seq with Hi-C data to demonstrate that inactive chromatin is unusually disorganized in PSC nuclei. We show that gene promoters engage in contacts between topological domains in a largely tissue-independent manner while enhancers have a more tissue-restricted interaction profile. Most strikingly, genomic clusters of pluripotency factor binding sites find each other very efficiently, in a manner that is strictly PSC-specific, dependent on the presence of Oct4 and Nanog protein and inducible upon artificial recruitment of Nanog to a selected chromosomal site. We conclude that pluripotent stem cells have a unique higher-order genome structure shaped by pluripotency factors. We speculate that this interactome enhances the robustness of the pluripotent state.
2013-07-24 | GSE37275 | GEO
Project description:It is becoming increasingly clear that the shape of the genome importantly influences transcription regulation. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were recently shown to organize their chromosomes into topological domains that are largely invariant between cell types. Here, we applied 4C technology and combined ChIP-seq with Hi-C data to demonstrate that inactive chromatin is unusually disorganized in PSC nuclei. We show that gene promoters engage in contacts between topological domains in a largely tissue-independent manner while enhancers have a more tissue-restricted interaction profile. Most strikingly, genomic clusters of pluripotency factor binding sites find each other very efficiently, in a manner that is strictly PSC-specific, dependent on the presence of Oct4 and Nanog protein and inducible upon artificial recruitment of Nanog to a selected chromosomal site. We conclude that pluripotent stem cells have a unique higher-order genome structure shaped by pluripotency factors. We speculate that this interactome enhances the robustness of the pluripotent state. 4C-seq was performed on a range of viewpoints in pluripotent (2x ESC, iPSC) and differentiated (neural precursor cells and astrocytes) cell lines.
2013-07-24 | E-GEOD-37275 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:ObjectivesThe first and second demographic transitions have led to profound changes in family networks. However, the timing and extent of these transitions vary widely across contexts. We examine how common it is for contemporary older adults to lack living kin and whether such individuals are uniformly disadvantaged around the world.MethodsUsing surveys from 34 countries that together contain 69.6% of the world's population over age 50 and come from all regions of the world, we describe the prevalence and correlates of lacking immediate kin. We examine macro-level demographic indicators associated with the prevalence of kinlessness as well as micro-level associations between kinlessness and sociodemographic and health indicators.ResultsThere is great variation in levels of kinlessness, from over 10% with neither a spouse nor a biological child in Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Switzerland to levels below 2% in China and the Republic of Korea. There are strong macro-level relationships between kinlessness and lagged or contemporaneous fertility, mortality, and nuptiality measures and more marginal relationships with other demographic forces. Micro-level associations between kinlessness and respondent attributes are varied. The kinless are more likely to live alone than those with kin in all countries. In most countries, they have equivalent or worse self-rated health and lower education, although there are notable exceptions. There is substantial variation in the gender composition of the kinless population.DiscussionAs demographic changes affecting kinlessness continue, we expect the scale of the kinless population to grow around the world.
| S-EPMC6777763 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Gene expression has provided promising insights into the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but specific regulatory transcriptomic mechanisms remain unknown. The current study addressed this limitation by analyzing transcriptome-wide RNA-Seq of whole blood samples from N=226 World Trade Center responders. The investigation focused on differential expression (DE) at gene, isoform, and alternative splicing (AS) levels associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptoms: total burden and its re-experiencing, avoidance, numbing, and hyperarousal subdimensions; and is the first study to characterize the AS landscape in PTSD. These dimensions were associated with 76, 1, 48, 15, and 49 genes, respectively (FDR<0.05). Similarly, they were associated with 103, 11, 0, 43, and 32 AS events. Avoidance differed the most from other dimensions with regard to DE genes, isoforms and AS correlates. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified pathways involved in inflammatory and metabolic processes, which may have implications for the treatment of PTSD. Overall, findings shed a novel light on the wide range of transcriptomic alterations associated with PTSD at gene and AS levels. The DE analysis associated with PTSD subdimensions highlights the importance of studying PTSD symptom heterogeneity.
2021-06-03 | GSE164877 | GEO
Project description:Citrus is among the most economically important fruit crops. Its vast species diversity and global production was observed by N.I. Vavilov during his international plant explorations from the early to mid-1900s. Currently, ex situ citrus collections located around the world conserve and protect citrus genetic resources, as revealed in a survey conducted in 2021. Responses were received from 43 collections in 27 countries, of which 35 provided data regarding collection composition, management practices, and security, as well as other information. The six largest citrus collections have between 1000 and 1735 accessions. The largest accession holdings are mandarins and sweet oranges, although all citrus fruit types are maintained: mandarin, sweet orange, lemon, pummelo, grapefruit, hybrids, lime, sour orange, citron, kumquat, papeda, finger lime, and crop wild relatives. Diseases pose significant threats to collections, though some collections are maintained in a clean-plant state as a result of intensive sanitation efforts. National and regional quarantine regulations often limit the export and import of citrus plants or propagative materials, thus limiting the availability of materials at an international level. Resources, both financial and human, are necessary to ensure the long-term safety and security of citrus collections on a global scale. Future efforts to develop citrus genebanking communities will provide opportunities for improved conservation, as well as collaborations and training.
| S-EPMC9964561 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The human louse, Pediculus humanus, is an obligate blood-sucking ectoparasite that has coevolved with humans for millennia. Given the intimate relationship between this parasite and the human host, the study of human lice has the potential to shed light on aspects of human evolution that are difficult to interpret using other biological evidence. In this study, we analyzed the genetic variation in 274 human lice from 25 geographic sites around the world by using nuclear microsatellite loci and female-inherited mitochondrial DNA sequences. Nuclear genetic diversity analysis revealed the presence of two distinct genetic clusters I and II, which are subdivided into subclusters: Ia-Ib and IIa-IIb, respectively. Among these samples, we observed the presence of the two most common louse mitochondrial haplogroups: A and B that were found in both nuclear Clusters I and II. Evidence of nuclear admixture was uncommon (12%) and was predominate in the New World potentially mirroring the history of colonization in the Americas. These findings were supported by novel DIYABC simulations that were built using both host and parasite data to define parameters and models suggesting that admixture between cI and cII was very recent. This pattern could also be the result of a reproductive barrier between these two nuclear genetic clusters. In addition to providing new evolutionary knowledge about this human parasite, our study could guide the development of new analyses in other host-parasite systems.
| S-EPMC10631634 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We extract data on physiological aging by computing a frailty index for 201 countries over the period 1990-2019. Using panel estimation techniques, we show that the macro frailty index replicates basic regularities previously observed in related studies of aging at the individual level. We then use the frailty index to highlight trends of global physiological aging and its relationship to economic growth. Holding population age structure fixed, the global frailty index has on average increased by about 2 percent over the last 30 years. The average person has therefore aged by what corresponds to about one life-year of physiological aging. This overall trend is relatively similar across different geographical regions. We also document a negative relationship between physiological aging of the workforce and economic growth. According to our preferred specification, a one percent increase in the frailty index of the workforce is associated with a 1.5 percent decline of GDP per capita. This means that average annual growth of labor productivity would have been 0.1 percentage points higher without physiological aging in the period 1990-2019.
| S-EPMC9176773 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Without intervention, classic galactosemia is a potentially fatal disorder in infancy. With the benefit of early diagnosis and dietary restriction of galactose, the acute sequelae of classic galactosemia can be prevented or reversed. However, despite early and lifelong dietary treatment, many galactosemic patients go on to experience serious long-term complications including cognitive disability, speech problems, neurological and/or movement disorders and, in girls and women, ovarian dysfunction. Further, there remains uncertainty surrounding what constitutes a 'best practice' for treating this disorder. To explore the extent and implications of this uncertainty, we conducted a small but global survey of healthcare providers who follow patients with classic galactosemia, seeking to compare established protocols for diagnosis, intervention, and follow-up, as well as the outcomes and outcome frequencies seen in the patient populations cared for by these providers. We received 13 survey responses representing five continents and 11 countries. Respondents underscored disparities in approaches to diagnosis, management and follow-up care. Notably, we saw no clear relationship between differing approaches to care and long-term outcomes in the populations studied. Negative outcomes occurred in the majority of cases regardless of when treatment was initiated, how tightly galactose intake was restricted, or how closely patients were monitored. We document here what is, to our knowledge, the first global comparison of healthcare approaches to classic galactosemia. These data reinforce the idea that there is currently no one best practice for treating patients with classic galactosemia, and underscore the need for more extensive and statistically powerful comparative studies to reveal potential positive or negative impacts of differing approaches.
| S-EPMC3774053 | biostudies-literature