Elevation of spermine remodels immunosuppressive microenvironment through driving the modification of PD-L1 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Spermine is frequently elevated in tumor tissues and body fluids of cancer patients and is critical for cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. However, the immune functions of spermine in hepatocellular carcinoma progression remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate immunosuppressive role of spermine in hepatocellular carcinoma and to explore the underlying mechanism.

Methods

Whole-blood spermine concentration was measured using HPLC. Human primary HCC tissues were collected to examine the expression of CaSR, p-Akt, β-catenin, STT3A, PD-L1, and CD8. Mouse model of tumorigenesis and lung metastasis were established to evaluate the effects of spermine on hepatocellular carcinoma. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, real time PCR, dig

SUBMITTER: Shi HX 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9644467 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature