Dataset Information

The road to recovery: a synthesis of outcomes from ecosystem restoration in tropical and sub-tropical Asian forests.

ABSTRACT: Current policy is driving renewed impetus to restore forests to return ecological function, protect species, sequester carbon and secure livelihoods. Here we assess the contribution of tree planting to ecosystem restoration in tropical and sub-tropical Asia; we synthesize evidence on mortality and growth of planted trees at 176 sites and assess structural and biodiversity recovery of co-located actively restored and naturally regenerating forest plots. Mean mortality of planted trees was 18% 1 year after planting, increasing to 44% after 5 years. Mortality varied strongly by site and was typically ca 20% higher in open areas than degraded forest, with height at planting positively affecting survival. Size-standardized growth rates were negatively related to species-level wood density in degraded forest and plantations enrichment settings. Based on community-level data from 11 landscapes, active restoration resulted in faster accumulation of tree basal area and structural properties were closer to old-growth reference sites, relative to natural regeneration, but tree species richness did not differ. High variability in outcomes across sites indicates that planting for restoration is potentially rewarding but risky and context-dependent. Restoration projects must prepare for and manage commonly occurring challenges and align with efforts to protect and reconnect remaining forest areas. The abstract of this article is available in Bahasa Indonesia in the electronic supplementary material. This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration'.

SUBMITTER: Banin LF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9661948 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The road to recovery: a synthesis of outcomes from ecosystem restoration in tropical and sub-tropical Asian forests.

Banin Lindsay F LF Raine Elizabeth H EH Rowland Lucy M LM Chazdon Robin L RL Smith Stuart W SW Rahman Nur Estya Binte NEB Butler Adam A Philipson Christopher C Applegate Grahame G GG Axelsson E Petter EP Budiharta Sugeng S Chua Siew Chin SC Cutler Mark E J MEJ Elliott Stephen S Gemita Elva E Godoong Elia E Graham Laura L B LLB Hayward Robin M RM Hector Andy A Ilstedt Ulrik U Jensen Joel J Kasinathan Srinivasan S Kettle Christopher J CJ Lussetti Daniel D Manohan Benjapan B Maycock Colin C Ngo Kang Min KM O'Brien Michael J MJ Osuri Anand M AM Reynolds Glen G Sauwai Yap Y Scheu Stefan S Silalahi Mangarah M Slade Eleanor M EM Swinfield Tom T Wardle David A DA Wheeler Charlotte C Yeong Kok Loong KL Burslem David F R P DFRP

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 20221114 1867

Current policy is driving renewed impetus to restore forests to return ecological function, protect species, sequester carbon and secure livelihoods. Here we assess the contribution of tree planting to ecosystem restoration in tropical and sub-tropical Asia; we synthesize evidence on mortality and growth of planted trees at 176 sites and assess structural and biodiversity recovery of co-located actively restored and naturally regenerating forest plots. Mean mortality of planted trees was 18% 1 y ...[more]

PMID: 36373930

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Project description:The allocation of the net primary productivity (NPP) of an ecosystem between canopy, woody tissue and fine roots is an important descriptor of the functioning of that ecosystem, and an important feature to correctly represent in terrestrial ecosystem models. Here, we collate and analyse a global dataset of NPP allocation in tropical forests, and compare this with the representation of NPP allocation in 13 terrestrial ecosystem models. On average, the data suggest an equal partitioning of allocation between all three main components (mean 34 ± 6% canopy, 39 ± 10% wood, 27 ± 11% fine roots), but there is substantial site-to-site variation in allocation to woody tissue versus allocation to fine roots. Allocation to canopy (leaves, flowers and fruit) shows much less variance. The mean allocation of the ecosystem models is close to the mean of the data, but the spread is much greater, with several models reporting allocation partitioning outside of the spread of the data. Where all main components of NPP cannot be measured, litterfall is a good predictor of overall NPP (r(2) = 0.83 for linear fit forced through origin), stem growth is a moderate predictor and fine root production a poor predictor. Across sites the major component of variation of allocation is a shifting allocation between wood and fine roots, with allocation to the canopy being a relatively invariant component of total NPP. This suggests the dominant allocation trade-off is a 'fine root versus wood' trade-off, as opposed to the expected 'root-shoot' trade-off; such a trade-off has recently been posited on theoretical grounds for old-growth forest stands. We conclude by discussing the systematic biases in estimates of allocation introduced by missing NPP components, including herbivory, large leaf litter and root exudates production. These biases have a moderate effect on overall carbon allocation estimates, but are smaller than the observed range in allocation values across sites.

Dataset Information

The road to recovery: a synthesis of outcomes from ecosystem restoration in tropical and sub-tropical Asian forests.

Publications

The road to recovery: a synthesis of outcomes from ecosystem restoration in tropical and sub-tropical Asian forests.

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