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Self-reported symptom severity, general health, and impairment in post-acute phases of COVID-19: retrospective cohort study of Swedish public employees.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to examine current symptom severity and general health in a sample of primarily non-hospitalized persons with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed COVID-19 in comparison to PCR negative controls. During the first quarter of 2021, we conducted an online survey among public employees in West Sweden, with a valid COVID-19 test result. The survey assessed past-month severity of 28 symptoms and signs, self-rated health, the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 and illness severity at the time of test. We linked participants' responses to their SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests results. We compared COVID-19 positive and negative participants using univariable and multivariable regression analyses. Out of 56,221 invited, 14,222 (25.3%) responded, with a response rate of 50% among SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals. Analysis included 10,194 participants (86.4% women, mean age 45 years) who tested positive 4-12 weeks (N = 1425; subacute) and > 12 weeks (N = 1584; postcovid) prior to the survey, and 7185 PCR negative participants who did not believe that they had had COVID-19. Symptoms were highly prevalent in all groups, with worst symptoms in subacute phase participants, followed by postcovid phase and PCR negative participants. The most specific symptom for COVID-19 was loss of smell or taste. Both WHODAS 2.0 score and self-rated health were worst in subacute participants, and modestly worse in postcovid participants than in negative controls. Female gender, older age and acute illness severity had larger effects on self-rated health and WHODAS 2.0 score in PCR positive participants than in PCR negative. Studies with longer follow-up are needed to determine the long-term improvement after COVID-19.

SUBMITTER: Larsson SB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9672032 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Self-reported symptom severity, general health, and impairment in post-acute phases of COVID-19: retrospective cohort study of Swedish public employees.

Larsson Simon B SB von Feilitzen Gustaf Stukát GS Andersson Maria E ME Sikora Per P Lindh Magnus M Nordén Rickard R Nilsson Staffan S Sigström Robert R

Scientific reports 20221117 1

This study aimed to examine current symptom severity and general health in a sample of primarily non-hospitalized persons with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed COVID-19 in comparison to PCR negative controls. During the first quarter of 2021, we conducted an online survey among public employees in West Sweden, with a valid COVID-19 test result. The survey assessed past-month severity of 28 symptoms and signs, self-rated health, the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 and ill ...[more]

PMID: 36396860

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Project description:BackgroundAlthough the symptomatology has been assessed in multiple studies among persons recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), less is known regarding long-term general health and disability. We aimed to assess long-term self-reported disability in public employees after predominantly mild COVID-19 in comparison with individuals who had negative COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results.MethodsPublic employees within Region Västra Götaland were offered tests to identify SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 56,221) and were invited to complete an online survey that included the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule. Questionnaires were sent out between January 26 and March 5, 2021. A total of 14,222 (25.3%) employees responded, of which 10,194 (18%) were included (women n = 8749, 85.8%). Of these, 7185 (70.5%) participants had a negative PCR test result (controls). A total of 1425 (14%) had a positive PCR result and were categorized in the sub-acute phase (4-12 weeks post COVID-19), and 1584 (15.5%) had a positive PCR test and were categorized in the post COVID-19 phase (> 12 weeks).ResultsFifty-two percent of controls rated disability of varying degrees, versus 73% and 64% of participants in the sub-acute and post COVID-19 phase, respectively. Being "emotionally affected" was the most frequently reported disability in the sub-acute phase, the post COVID-19 phase, as well as in controls. The proportion of participants reporting difficulties for 20-30 days was higher in the sub-acute phase than in the post COVID-19 phase (27.9% vs. 21.8%, p < 0.001) as well as in a comparison between participants in the post COVID-19 phase and controls (21.8% vs 14.2%, p < 0.001). Compared with controls, severe disability was more common in the post COVID-19 phase among both women (15.8% vs. 10.7%,), and men (9.8% vs. 6.8%).ConclusionsDisability was present in all groups; however, reported disability was greater in the sub-acute phase than in the post COVID-19 phase. The higher levels of disability reported in the COVID-19 patient population may indicate a persisting need for rehabilitation and recovery. In general, women reported a greater degree of disability than men in the sub-acute and post COVID-19 phases.

Project description:BackgroundDuring adolescence, a critical developmental phase, cognitive, psychological, and social states interact with the environment to influence behaviors like decision-making and social interactions. Depressive symptoms are more prevalent in adolescents than in other age groups which may affect socio-emotional and behavioral development including academic achievement. Here, we determined the association between depression symptom severity and behavioral impairment among adolescents enrolled in secondary schools of Eastern and Central Uganda.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,669 adolescents enrolled in secondary schools in Eastern and Central Uganda. Our outcome variable was behavioral impairment defined as self-reported behavior that interferes with an individuals' ability to do schoolwork (school performance) or get along with others (peer interaction) (yes/no). The key independent variable was depression symptom severity assessed using the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-5 (CASI-5), a behavior rating scale for symptoms of DSM-5 emotional and behavioral disorders. Modified Poisson regression models tested the independent association between depressive symptom severity and behavioral impairment. Prevalence Rate Ratios (PRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were reported.ResultsParticipants' mean age was 15.3 years (SD = 1.8), 58.5% were female, 86.8% witnessed domestic violence, 47.4% had behavioral impairment, and 2.8% had mild depression symptoms. School-going adolescents with mild depression symptoms had two times higher risk of behavioral impairment when compared to those with no or slight depression symptoms, after controlling for potential confounders. Other factors independently associated with higher risk for behavioral impairment were female sex (Adj. PRR 1.27, 95%CI 1.12, 1.43) compared to males, taking alcohol (Adj. PRR 1.42, 95%CI 1.25, 1.61) compared to not taking alcohol, boarding school enrollees (Adj. PRR 1.62, 95%CI 1.33, 1.98), and day school enrollees (Adj. PRR 1.46, 95%CI 1.21, 1.76) compared to mixed (day and boarding) school enrollees respectively, advanced level enrolment (Adj. PRR 1.25, 95%CI 1.05, 1.48) compared to ordinary level enrolment, and attending urban schools (Adj. PRR 1.27, 95%CI 1.11, 1.45) compared to rural secondary school attendance.ConclusionsBehavioral impairments are widespread among Ugandan secondary students. Mild depression symptoms adversely affect adolescents' academic and social lives, potentially leading to long-term consequences. Where feasible, early detection of depressive symptoms and treatment may mitigate their negative effects on student school performance ability and peer/social interaction. Future research should examine school-level factors influencing academic performance by depression status. Policymakers in education and gender sectors should prioritize mental health programs in secondary schools.

Project description:BackgroundCognitive complaints involving problems with concentration, memory, decision-making and thinking are relatively common in the work force. The sensitivity of both subjective and objective cognitive functioning to common psychiatric conditions, stress levels and to cognitive load makes it plausible that psychosocial working conditions play a role in cognitive complaints. Thus, this study aimed to test the associations between psychosocial work factors and cognitive complaints in nationally representative samples of the Swedish work force. Cross-sectional (n?=?9751) and prospective (n?=?3644; two time points two years apart) sequential multiple regression analyses were run, adjusting for general confounders, depressive- and sleeping problems. Additional prospective analyses were run adjusting for baseline cognitive complaints.Cross/sectional resultsHigh quantitative demands, information and communication technology (ICT) demands, under qualification and conflicts were positively associated with cognitive complaints, while social support, good resources at work and over qualification were negatively associated with cognitive complaints in all models. Skill discretion and decision authority were weakly associated with cognitive complaints. Conflicts were more strongly associated with cognitive complaints in women than in men, after adjustment for general confounders.Prospective resultsQuantitative job demands, ICT demands and under qualification were positively associated with future cognitive complaints in all models, including when adjusted for baseline cognitive complaints. Decision authority was weakly positively associated with future cognitive complaints, only after adjustment for depressive- and sleeping problems respectively. Social support was negatively associated with future cognitive complaints after adjustment for general confounders and baseline cognitive complaints. Skill discretion and resources were negatively associated with future cognitive complaints after adjustment for general confounders. The associations between quantitative demands and future cognitive complaints were stronger in women.Discussion/conclusionsThe findings indicate that psychosocial working conditions should be taken into account when considering cognitive complaints among employees.

Dataset Information

Self-reported symptom severity, general health, and impairment in post-acute phases of COVID-19: retrospective cohort study of Swedish public employees.

Publications

Self-reported symptom severity, general health, and impairment in post-acute phases of COVID-19: retrospective cohort study of Swedish public employees.

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