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Prospective bacterial and fungal sources of hyaluronic acid: A review.

ABSTRACT: The unique biological and rheological properties make hyaluronic acid a sought-after material for medicine and cosmetology. Due to very high purity requirements for hyaluronic acid in medical applications, the profitability of streptococcal fermentation is reduced. Production of hyaluronic acid by recombinant systems is considered a promising alternative. Variations in combinations of expressed genes and fermentation conditions alter the yield and molecular weight of produced hyaluronic acid. This review is devoted to the current state of hyaluronic acid production by recombinant bacterial and fungal organisms.

SUBMITTER: Shikina EV

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9676211 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prospective bacterial and fungal sources of hyaluronic acid: A review.

Shikina E V EV Kovalevsky R A RA Shirkovskaya A I AI Toukach Ph V PV

Computational and structural biotechnology journal 20221110

The unique biological and rheological properties make hyaluronic acid a sought-after material for medicine and cosmetology. Due to very high purity requirements for hyaluronic acid in medical applications, the profitability of streptococcal fermentation is reduced. Production of hyaluronic acid by recombinant systems is considered a promising alternative. Variations in combinations of expressed genes and fermentation conditions alter the yield and molecular weight of produced hyaluronic acid. Th ...[more]

PMID: 36420162

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Project description:IntroductionThe application of biomimetic and stimuli-responsive nanocarriers displays considerable promise in improving the management of bacterial sepsis and overcoming antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the study aimed to synthesize a novel hyaluronic acid-lysine conjugate (HA-Lys) and to utilize the attributes of the synthesized HA-Lys with Tocopherol succinate (TS) and Oleylamine (OLA) in the formulation of multifunctional biomimetic pH-responsive HNLCs loaded with vancomycin (VCM-HNLCs), to combat bacterial sepsis.MethodsA novel hyaluronic acid-lysine conjugate (HA-Lys) was synthesized and characterized using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Vancomycin-loaded hybrid nanosystems (VCM-HNLCs) were prepared through hot homogenization ultrasonication and evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and encapsulation efficiency (EE%). In vitro biocompatibility was assessed via MTT assay and red blood cell hemolysis test. The binding affinity to TLR2 and TLR4 was measured using microscale thermophoresis (MST). Drug release was evaluated using the dialysis bag method. Antimicrobial activity against MRSA and efflux pump inhibition were also determined. Efficacy was demonstrated in an MRSA-induced sepsis mice model.ResultsThe VCM-HNLCs, produced via hot homogenization ultrasonication, exhibited particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of 110.77 ± 1.692 nm, 0.113 ± 0.022, - 2.92 ± 0.210 mV, and 76.27 ± 1.200%, respectively. In vitro, biocompatibility was proven by hemolysis and cytotoxicity studies. The VCM-HNLCs demonstrated targetability to human Toll-like receptors (TLR 2 and 4) as validated by microscale thermophoresis (MST). VCM-HNLCs showed a twofold reduction in MIC values at physiological pH compared to the bare VCM against S. aureus and MRSA for 48 h. While at pH 6.0, MIC values were reduced by fourfold in the first 24 h and by eightfold in the subsequent 48 and 72 h against tested strains. Furthermore, VCM-HNLCs showed inhibitory effects against MRSA efflux pumps, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hyperinflammation. In an MRSA-induced sepsis mice model, VCM-HNLCs demonstrated superior efficacy compared to free VCM, significantly eliminated bacteria and improved survival rates.ConclusionsOverall, these results highlight the potential of VCM-HNLCs as novel multifunctional nanocarriers to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and enhance sepsis outcomes.

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Prospective bacterial and fungal sources of hyaluronic acid: A review.

Publications

Prospective bacterial and fungal sources of hyaluronic acid: A review.

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