COVID-19 Vaccination Rates in Patients With Chronic Medical Conditions: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Nham E
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9678655 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Nov
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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COVID-19 Vaccination Rates in Patients With Chronic Medical Conditions: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.
Nham Eliel E Kim Young-Eun YE Jung Jaehun J Kim Dong Wook DW Jang Hoyeon H Hyun Hakjun H Seong Hye H Yoon Jin Gu JG Noh Ji Yun JY Song Joon Young JY Kim Woo Joo WJ Cheong Hee Jin HJ
Journal of Korean medical science 20221121 45
As most individuals acquire immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, South Korea declared a return to normalcy a few months ago. However, epidemic waves continue because of endlessly emerging variants and waning immunity. Health authorities are focusing on those at high risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 to minimize damage to public health and the economy. In this regard, we investigated the vaccination rates in patients with various chronic medical conditions by examini ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 continues to spread globally and in the absence of an effective treatment, the vaccine remains the best hope for controlling this disease. In this study, we seek to find out the extent to which people in Syria accept the Corona vaccine and what are the factors that affect their decision.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in Syria during the period from January 3 to March 17, 2021. A structured self-administered questionnaire was distributed in two phases: The first phase included distributing the questionnaire as a Google Form on social media platforms. In the second phase, a paper version of the questionnaire was handed to patients, their companions, and workers in public hospitals. SPSS v.25 and R v.4.1.1 were used to analyze the data. Pearson Chi-square test and Logistic Regression were used to study the associations between categorical groups.ResultsOf 7531 respondents, 3505 (46.5%) were males and 4026 (53.5%) were females. 3124 (41.5%) were 18-24 years old. Healthcare workers were participants' main sources of information (50.9%), followed by Social Media users (46.3%). 2790 (37%) of the participant are willing to be vaccinated, and 2334 (31%) were uncertain about it. Fear of possible side effects was the main reason for the reluctance to take the vaccine 1615 (62.4%), followed by mistrust of the vaccine formula 1522 (58.8%). 2218 (29.5%) participants think COVID-19 poses a major risk to them personally. Vaccination intention was significantly associated with gender, residence, financial status, educational level, and geographic origin.ConclusionThis study showed very negatively important results. The study participants Vaccination acceptance rate is almost the lowest when compared to its peers. A Lot of efforts should be made to correct misinformation about the vaccine and answer all questions about it, especially with a health system that has been ravaged by war for 10 years.
| S-EPMC8598277 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and study aims
COVID-19 is a condition caused by the coronavirus (called SARS-CoV-2) that was first identified in late 2019. This virus can infect the respiratory (breathing) system. Some people do not have symptoms but can carry the virus and pass it on to others. People who have developed the condition may develop a fever and/or a continuous cough among other symptoms. This can develop into pneumonia. Pneumonia is a chest infection where the small air pockets of the lungs, called alveoli, fill with liquid and make it more difficult to breathe.
Nearly 32 million people in the UK have received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Research shows that this prevents infection in over 90% of people. However, these vaccines were tested in healthy people. Recent research in individuals with chronic health problems or cancer suggests that 30% are generating low antibody or T-cells (a type of white blood cell which fights infection) levels after two doses of the Pfizer or AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines. This raises the question of the potential benefit of a third dose (re-boost) of the vaccine in these vulnerable patients. A re-boost strategy has been successfully used for other vaccines but the limited research performed to date for COVID-19 has given variable results, so additional research is needed. This study aims to find out whether a re-boost vaccine strategy can induce an immune response in clinically vulnerable patients who have not produced an adequate antibody response after two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine.
Who can participate?
Patients aged 18 and over who have not produced an adequate antibody response after two doses of COVID-19 vaccine and have one of the following diseases:
1. Breast or lung cancer
2. Certain types of blood cancer
3. Immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis)
4. Chronic kidney disease
5. Chronic liver disease
6. Inflammatory bowel disease on immune suppressive therapy
7. Stem cell transplant
8. Primary immunodeficiency (a group of disorders characterized by poor or absent immune function)
What does the study involve?
Participants will be randomly allocated to receive an additional dose of Pfizer or Moderna COVID-19 vaccine (the main study) or, for a sub-set of patients with blood cancer, the Pfizer or Moderna or Novavax vaccine. Blood samples will be collected before and 21 days after the re-boost vaccine and the level of antibodies and T-cells determined. Patients will be followed up for 3 months to see if they go on to develop COVID-19.
| 2411337 | ecrin-mdr-crc
Project description:BackgroundThe perspectives of medical sciences students regarding COVID-19 vaccination are crucial as they are future healthcare providers who will influence public health outcomes and vaccination rates. The objective of this study was to investigate medical sciences students' perspectives on vaccination and identify ways that these insights can be used to improve public health strategies.MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, between October 2021 and March 2022. A total of 722 students who were willing to participate in this study were included using convenience sampling. A 47-item researcher-made questionnaire consisting of two sections (sociodemographic characteristics and perspectives regarding COVID-19 vaccination) was designed and utilized for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 using descriptive and analytical statistics (One-sample t-test, Friedman test, and Chi-Square) at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05.ResultsThe mean scores for all questionnaire dimensions were significantly higher than the average value of 3.5 (p < 0.001). The highest mean pertained to the dimension of "Understanding the necessity of vaccination" (4.33 ± 0.78), while the lowest mean was related to the dimension of "Awareness about vaccination" (3.61 ± 0.65).ConclusionsThis study found that most medical sciences students surveyed had a positive perspective of COVID-19 vaccination. Further research, especially qualitative and longitudinal studies, is recommended to explore factors influencing students' perspectives on vaccination.
| S-EPMC11786440 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundVaccination plays an important role in preventing COVID-19 infection and reducing the severity of the disease. There are usually differences in vaccination rates between urban and rural areas. Measuring these differences can aid in developing more coordinated and sustainable solutions. This information also serves as a reference for the prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases in the future.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the current coverage rate and influencing factors of COVID-19 (second booster) vaccination among Chinese residents, as well as the disparities between urban and rural areas in China.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used a stratified random sampling approach to select representative samples from 11 communities and 10 villages in eastern (Changzhou), central (Zhengzhou), western (Xining), and northeast (Mudanjiang) Mainland China from February 1 to February 18, 2023. The questionnaires were developed by experienced epidemiologists and contained the following: sociodemographic information, health conditions, vaccine-related information, information related to the Protective Motivation Theory (PMT), and the level of trust in the health care system. Vaccination rates among the participants were evaluated based on self-reported information provided. Binary logistic regression models were performed to explore influencing factors of vaccination among urban and rural participants. Urban-rural disparities in the vaccination rate were assessed using propensity score matching (PSM).ResultsA total of 5780 participants were included, with 53.04% (3066/5780) being female. The vaccination rate was 12.18% (704/5780; 95% CI 11.34-13.02) in the total sample, 13.76% (341/2478; 95% CI 12.40-15.12) among the rural participants, and 10.99% (363/3302; 95% CI 9.93-12.06) among the urban participants. For rural participants, self-reported health condition, self-efficacy, educational level, vaccine knowledge, susceptibility, benefits, and trust in the health care system were independent factors associated with vaccination (all P＜.05). For urban participants, chronic conditions, COVID-19 infection, subjective community level, vaccine knowledge, self-efficacy, and trust in the health care system were independent factors associated with vaccination (all P＜.05). PSM analysis uncovered a 3.42% difference in vaccination rates between urban and rural participants.ConclusionsThe fourth COVID-19 vaccination coverage rate (second booster) among the Chinese population was extremely low, significantly lower than the previous vaccine coverage rate. Given that COVID-19 infection is still prevalent at low levels, efforts should focus on enhancing self-efficacy to expand the vaccine coverage rate among the Chinese population. For rural residents, building awareness of the vaccine's benefits and improving their overall health status should be prioritized. In urban areas, a larger proportion of people with COVID-19 and patients with chronic illness should be vaccinated.
| S-EPMC11297372 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundVaccination against COVID-19 is a critical measure for managing the pandemic and achieving herd immunity. In 2021, Slovenia had a significantly lower COVID-19 vaccination rate compared to the average rate in the European Union, with individuals aged younger than 37 years showing the highest hesitancy. Previous studies primarily explored vaccination willingness before vaccines were available to young people, leaving a gap in understanding the factors influencing vaccination behavior and differences within the population of young people.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate a wide set of predictors influencing COVID-19 vaccination intention and behavior among young people in Slovenia. Specifically, we aimed to compare vaccinated and unvaccinated young people, further categorizing the unvaccinated group into those who were hesitant, those who intended to vaccinate in the near future, and those who refused vaccination.MethodsAn integrated model, based on the health belief model and theory of planned behavior, was developed, and it included additional contextual factors (such as trust in science, trust in vaccines, conspiracy theory tendencies, etc) and health-related and sociodemographic characteristics. Data were collected in August 2021 via the online access survey panel JazVem (Valicon), targeting individuals aged 15-30 years in Slovenia. Quotas ensured that the sample (n=507) was quasi-representative according to age, gender, education, and region. Bivariate analyses and multinomial logistic regression were performed to explore the determinants of vaccination intention and behavior.ResultsAmong respondents, 45.8% (232/507) were vaccinated, 30.0% (152/507) refused vaccination, 12.4% (63/507) were hesitant, and 11.8% (60/507) intended to undergo vaccination in the near future. Vaccinated individuals were predominantly aged 23-26 years, had higher education, and reported above-average material status. Refusers were more common among the youngest (15-18 years) and oldest (27-30 years) groups, had lower education, and showed higher conspiracy theory tendencies. Multinomial regression analysis revealed that unvaccinated respondents who perceived greater COVID-19-related health consequences were more likely to delay vaccination (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.3) or exhibit hesitancy (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.2) compared with vaccinated respondents. Subjective norms were less influential among hesitant individuals (aOR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.7) and refusers (aOR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.7) than among vaccinated individuals. Self-efficacy in managing health problems was less evident among those who delayed vaccination to the near future (aOR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9) than among vaccinated individuals.ConclusionsThis study underscores the complexity of vaccination intentions and behaviors among young people, emphasizing the necessity for public health strategies promoting vaccination to be tailored to the specific reasons for nonvaccination within different subgroups. Interventions aimed at addressing vaccine hesitancy and delays should particularly focus on individuals with lower education and material disadvantages. By fostering trust and enhancing self-efficacy, these interventions could more effectively promote vaccine uptake.
| S-EPMC11890135 | biostudies-literature
Project description:As COVID-19 vaccinations became available and were proven effective in preventing serious infection, uptake amongst individuals varied, including in medically vulnerable populations. This cross-sectional multi-site study examined vaccine uptake, hesitancy, and explanatory factors amongst people with serious and/or chronic health conditions, including the impact of underlying disease on attitudes to vaccination. A 42-item survey was distributed to people with cancer, diabetes, or multiple sclerosis across ten Australian health services from 30 June to 5 October 2021. The survey evaluated sociodemographic and disease-related characteristics and incorporated three validated scales measuring vaccine hesitancy and vaccine-related beliefs generally and specific to their disease: the Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, the Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence and Complacency Scale and the Disease Influenced Vaccine Acceptance Scale-Six. Among 4683 participants (2548 [54.4%] female, 2108 [45.0%] male, 27 [0.6%] other; mean [SD] age, 60.6 [13.3] years; 3560 [76.0%] cancer, 842 [18.0%] diabetes, and 281 [6.0%] multiple sclerosis), 3813 (81.5%) self-reported having at least one COVID-19 vaccine. Unvaccinated status was associated with younger age, female sex, lower education and income, English as a second language, and residence in regional areas. Unvaccinated participants were more likely to report greater vaccine hesitancy and more negative perceptions toward vaccines. Disease-related vaccine concerns were associated with unvaccinated status and hesitancy, including greater complacency about COVID-19 infection, and concerns relating to vaccine efficacy and impact on their disease and/or treatment. This highlights the need to develop targeted strategies and education about COVID-19 vaccination to support medically vulnerable populations and health professionals.
| S-EPMC9230066 | biostudies-literature
Project description:COVID-19 compulsory vaccination for healthcare professionals (HCPs) is a sensitive and controversial topic, with different support rates worldwide. Previous studies in Cyprus identified a low COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among HCPs, however, no studies have investigated their perceptions toward mandatory COVID-19 vaccination. This is the first study to investigate the attitudes of HCPs toward mandatory COVID-19 vaccination and its association with general vaccination knowledge. A cross-sectional study was conducted, using an online self-administered, anonymous questionnaire to collect data on sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, trust and satisfaction with the healthcare system, utilization of preventive healthcare services, COVID-19 vaccination information, vaccination knowledge, and attitudes among HCPs toward mandatory COVID-19 vaccination. A total of 504 HCPs participated in the survey, with 34% being in favor of mandatory COVID-19 vaccination. A sufficient vaccination knowledge score was identified among the HCPs, with higher scores being associated with mandatory vaccination support (p < 0.001). As age increases by one year, the odds of supporting mandatory vaccination increase by 1.03 units (95% CI: 1.01-1.06). In addition, as the general vaccination knowledge score increases by one unit, the odds of supporting mandatory COVID-19 vaccination increase by 1.55 units (95% CI: 1.33-1.81). Our findings show that about two-thirds of the HCPs in Cyprus were opposed to a mandatory COVID-19 vaccination policy. Older age and general vaccination knowledge were found to be the strongest predictors of mandatory vaccination support. To avoid unforeseen outcomes, mandatory vaccination policies should be implemented with caution and consultation.
| S-EPMC9130732 | biostudies-literature
Project description:High and equitable COVID-19 vaccination coverage is important for pandemic control and prevention of health inequity. However, little is known about socioeconomic correlates of booster vaccination coverage. In this cross-sectional study of all Norwegian adults in the national vaccination program (N = 4,190,655), we use individual-level registry data to examine coverage by levels of household income and education of primary (≥2 doses) and booster (≥3 doses) vaccination against COVID-19. We stratify the analyses by age groups with different booster recommendations and report relative risk ratios (RR) for vaccination by 25 August 2022. In the 18-44 y group, individuals with highest vs. lowest education had 94% vs. 79% primary coverage (adjusted RR (adjRR) 1.15, 95%CI 1.14-1.15) and 67% vs. 38% booster coverage (adjRR 1.55, 95% CI 1.55-1.56), while individuals with highest vs. lowest income had 94% vs. 81% primary coverage (adjRR 1.10, 95%CI 1.10-1.10) and 60% vs. 43% booster coverage (adjRR 1.23, 95%CI 1.22-1.24). In the ≥45 y group, individuals with highest vs. lowest education had 96% vs. 92% primary coverage (adjRR 1.02, 95%CI 1.02-1.02) and 88% vs. 80% booster coverage (adjRR 1.09, 95%CI 1.09-1.09), while individuals with highest vs. lowest income had 98% vs. 82% primary coverage (adjRR 1.16, 95%CI 1.16-1.16) and 92% vs. 64% booster coverage (adjRR 1.33, 95%CI 1.33-1.34). In conclusion, we document large socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 vaccination coverage, especially for booster vaccination, even though all vaccination was free-of-charge. The results highlight the need to tailor information and to target underserved groups for booster vaccination.
| S-EPMC10072069 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic, declared in March 2020, profoundly affected global health, societal, and economic frameworks. Vaccination became a crucial tactic in combating the virus. Simultaneously, the pandemic likely underscored the internet's role as a vital resource for seeking health information. The proliferation of misinformation on social media was observed, potentially influencing vaccination decisions and timing.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination rates, including the timing of vaccination, and reliance on internet-based information sources in Japan.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional study design using a subset of panel data, this nationwide survey was conducted in 7 waves. A total of 10,000 participants were randomly selected through an internet survey firm, narrowing down to 8724 after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The primary outcome was the COVID-19 vaccination date, divided into vaccinated versus unvaccinated and early versus late vaccination groups. The main exposure variable was the use of internet-based information sources. Control variables included gender, family structure, education level, employment status, household income, eligibility for priority COVID-19 vaccination due to pre-existing medical conditions, and a health literacy scale score. Two regression analyses using generalized estimating equations accounted for prefecture-specific correlations, focusing on vaccination status and timing. In addition, chi-square tests assessed the relationship between each information source and vaccination rates.ResultsRepresenting a cross-section of the Japanese population, the regression analysis found a significant association between internet information seeking and higher vaccination rates (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.42 for those younger than 65 years; aOR 1.66 for those aged 65 years and older). However, no significant link was found regarding vaccination timing. Chi-square tests showed positive associations with vaccination for television, government web pages, and web news, whereas blogs and some social networking sites were negatively correlated.ConclusionsInternet-based information seeking is positively linked to COVID-19 vaccination rates in Japan, underscoring the significant influence of online information on public health decisions. Nonetheless, certain online information sources, including blogs and some social networks, negatively affected vaccination rates, warranting caution in their use and recognition. The study highlights the critical role of credible online sources in public health communication and the challenge of combating misinformation on less regulated platforms. This research sheds light on how the digital information landscape influences health behaviors, stressing the importance of accurate and trustworthy health information amidst global health emergencies.
| S-EPMC11775489 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The segregated colonies (SCs) in Hungary are populated mainly but not exclusively by Roma. Their health care use is restricted in many respects. It has not been studied yet, whether fair COVID-19 vaccination coverage achieved in Hungary is accompanied with fair effectiveness in SCs. Using census data, the vaccination coverage in SCs and the complementary areas (CAs) in the same settlements of the country was determined. To describe the settlement level differences, the vaccination coverage (until June 30, 2021) in SCs were compared to those in CAs by age, sex, and eligibility for exemption certificate standardized measures. Aggregating settlement level data, the level of geographic discrimination in Hungary was also determined. According to nationwide aggregates, crude vaccination coverage was significantly lower in SCs (40.05%, 95% CI 39.87%-40.23%) than in CAs (65.42%, 95% CI 65.37%-65.46%). The relative standardized vaccination coverage was 0.643 (95% CI 0.639-0.647) in SCs. A total of 437 of the 938 investigated settlements showed significant local vaccination disparities. Hungarian citizens living in SCs, mainly of Roma ethnicity, are a distinct high-risk group. Special intervention adapted to SCs is needed to mitigate inequality in vaccination coverage and further consequences of the pandemic.
| S-EPMC8884504 | biostudies-literature