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CD47 restricts antiviral function of alveolar macrophages during influenza virus infection.

ABSTRACT: CD47 is an ubiquitously expressed surface molecule with significant impact on immune responses. However, its role for antiviral immunity is not fully understood. Here, we revealed that the expression of CD47 on immune cells seemed to disturb the antiviral immune response as CD47-deficient mice (CD47^-/-) showed an augmented clearance of influenza A virus (IAV). Specifically, we have shown that enhanced viral clearance is mediated by alveolar macrophages (aMФ). Although aMФ displayed upregulation of CD47 expression during IAV infection in wildtype mice, depletion of aMФ in CD47^-/- mice during IAV infection reversed the augmented viral clearance. We have also demonstrated that CD47 restricts hemoglobin (HB) expression in aMФ after IAV and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, with HB showing antiviral properties by enhancing the IFN-β response. Our study showed a negative role for CD47 during antiviral immune responses in the lung by confining HB expression in aMФ.

SUBMITTER: Wenzek C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9682344 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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CD47 restricts antiviral function of alveolar macrophages during influenza virus infection.

Wenzek Christina C Steinbach Philine P Wirsdörfer Florian F Sutter Kathrin K Boehme Julia D JD Geffers Robert R Klopfleisch Robert R Bruder Dunja D Jendrossek Verena V Buer Jan J Westendorf Astrid M AM Knuschke Torben T

iScience 20221111 12

CD47 is an ubiquitously expressed surface molecule with significant impact on immune responses. However, its role for antiviral immunity is not fully understood. Here, we revealed that the expression of CD47 on immune cells seemed to disturb the antiviral immune response as CD47-deficient mice (CD47<sup>-/-</sup>) showed an augmented clearance of influenza A virus (IAV). Specifically, we have shown that enhanced viral clearance is mediated by alveolar macrophages (aMФ). Although aMФ displayed up ...[more]

PMID: 36437873

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Project description:Porcine respiratory disease complex represents a major challenge for the swine industry, with swine influenza A virus (swIAV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) being major contributors. Epidemiological studies have confirmed the co-circulation of these viruses in pig herds, making swIAV-PRRSV co-infections expected. A couple of in vivo co-infection studies have reported replication interferences between these two viruses. Herein, using a reductionist in vitro model, we investigated the potential mechanisms of these in vivo interferences. We first examined the impact of swIAV on porcine alveolar macrophages (AMs) and its effects on AMs co-infection by PRRSV. This was done either in monoculture or in co-culture with respiratory tracheal epithelial cells to represent the complexity of the interactions between the viruses and their respective target cells (epithelial cells for swIAV and AMs for PRRSV). AMs were obtained either from conventional or specific pathogen-free (SPF) pigs. SwIAV replication was abortive in AMs, inducing cell death at high multiplicity of infections. In AMs from three out of four conventional animals, swIAV showed no impact on PRRSV replication. However, inhibition of PRRSV multiplication was observed in AMs from one animal, accompanied by an early increase in the expression of interferon (IFN)-I and IFN-stimulated genes. In AMs from six SPF pigs, swIAV inhibited PRRSV replication in all animals, with an early induction of antiviral genes. Co-culture experiments involving tracheal epithelial cells and AMs from either SPF or conventional pigs all showed swIAV-induced inhibition of PRRSV replication, together with early induction of antiviral genes. These findings highlight the complex interactions between swIAV and PRRSV in porcine AMs, and would suggest a role of host factors, such as sanitary status, in modulating viral propagation. Our co-culture experiments demonstrated that swIAV inhibits PRRSV replication more effectively in the presence of respiratory tracheal epithelial cells, suggesting a synergistic antiviral response between AMs and epithelial cells, consistent with in vivo experiments.

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CD47 restricts antiviral function of alveolar macrophages during influenza virus infection.

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CD47 restricts antiviral function of alveolar macrophages during influenza virus infection.

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