Dataset Information

Geological, multispectral, and meteorological imaging results from the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover in Jezero crater.

ABSTRACT: Perseverance's Mastcam-Z instrument provides high-resolution stereo and multispectral images with a unique combination of spatial resolution, spatial coverage, and wavelength coverage along the rover's traverse in Jezero crater, Mars. Images reveal rocks consistent with an igneous (including volcanic and/or volcaniclastic) and/or impactite origin and limited aqueous alteration, including polygonally fractured rocks with weathered coatings; massive boulder-forming bedrock consisting of mafic silicates, ferric oxides, and/or iron-bearing alteration minerals; and coarsely layered outcrops dominated by olivine. Pyroxene dominates the iron-bearing mineralogy in the fine-grained regolith, while olivine dominates the coarse-grained regolith. Solar and atmospheric imaging observations show significant intra- and intersol variations in dust optical depth and water ice clouds, as well as unique examples of boundary layer vortex action from both natural (dust devil) and Ingenuity helicopter-induced dust lifting. High-resolution stereo imaging also provides geologic context for rover operations, other instrument observations, and sample selection, characterization, and confirmation.

SUBMITTER: Bell JF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9683734 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Geological, multispectral, and meteorological imaging results from the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover in Jezero crater.

Bell James F JF Maki Justin N JN Alwmark Sanna S Ehlmann Bethany L BL Fagents Sarah A SA Grotzinger John P JP Gupta Sanjeev S Hayes Alexander A Herkenhoff Ken E KE Horgan Briony H N BHN Johnson Jeffrey R JR Kinch Kjartan B KB Lemmon Mark T MT Madsen Morten B MB Núñez Jorge I JI Paar Gerhard G Rice Melissa M Rice James W JW Schmitz Nicole N Sullivan Robert R Vaughan Alicia A Wolff Mike J MJ Bechtold Andreas A Bosak Tanja T Duflot Louise E LE Fairén Alberto G AG Garczynski Brad B Jaumann Ralf R Merusi Marco M Million Chase C Ravanis Eleni E Shuster David L DL Simon Justin J St Clair Michael M Tate Christian C Walter Sebastian S Weiss Benjamin B Bailey Alyssa M AM Bertrand Tanguy T Beyssac Olivier O Brown Adrian J AJ Caballo-Perucha Piluca P Caplinger Michael A MA Caudill Christy M CM Cary Francesca F Cisneros Ernest E Cloutis Edward A EA Cluff Nathan N Corlies Paul P Crawford Kelsie K Curtis Sabrina S Deen Robert R Dixon Darian D Donaldson Christopher C Barrington Megan M Ficht Michelle M Fleron Stephanie S Hansen Michael M Harker David D Howson Rachel R Huggett Joshua J Jacob Samantha S Jensen Elsa E Jensen Ole B OB Jodhpurkar Mohini M Joseph Jonathan J Juarez Christian C Kah Linda C LC Kanine Oak O Kristensen Jessica J Kubacki Tex T Lapo Kristiana K Magee Angela A Maimone Michael M Mehall Greg L GL Mehall Laura L Mollerup Jess J Viúdez-Moreiras Daniel D Paris Kristen K Powell Kathryn E KE Preusker Frank F Proton Jon J Rojas Corrine C Sallurday Danny D Saxton Kim K Scheller Eva E Seeger Christina H CH Starr Mason M Stein Nathan N Turenne Nathalie N Van Beek Jason J Winhold Andrew G AG Yingling Rachel R

Science advances 20221123 47

Perseverance's Mastcam-Z instrument provides high-resolution stereo and multispectral images with a unique combination of spatial resolution, spatial coverage, and wavelength coverage along the rover's traverse in Jezero crater, Mars. Images reveal rocks consistent with an igneous (including volcanic and/or volcaniclastic) and/or impactite origin and limited aqueous alteration, including polygonally fractured rocks with weathered coatings; massive boulder-forming bedrock consisting of mafic sili ...[more]

PMID: 36417517

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Project description:The NASA Perseverance rover Mast Camera Zoom (Mastcam-Z) system is a pair of zoomable, focusable, multi-spectral, and color charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras mounted on top of a 1.7 m Remote Sensing Mast, along with associated electronics and two calibration targets. The cameras contain identical optical assemblies that can range in focal length from 26 mm ( 25.5 ∘ × 19.1 ∘ FOV ) to 110 mm ( 6.2 ∘ × 4.2 ∘ FOV ) and will acquire data at pixel scales of 148-540 μm at a range of 2 m and 7.4-27 cm at 1 km. The cameras are mounted on the rover's mast with a stereo baseline of 24.3 ± 0.1 cm and a toe-in angle of 1.17 ± 0.03 ∘ (per camera). Each camera uses a Kodak KAI-2020 CCD with 1600 × 1200 active pixels and an 8 position filter wheel that contains an IR-cutoff filter for color imaging through the detectors' Bayer-pattern filters, a neutral density (ND) solar filter for imaging the sun, and 6 narrow-band geology filters (16 total filters). An associated Digital Electronics Assembly provides command data interfaces to the rover, 11-to-8 bit companding, and JPEG compression capabilities. Herein, we describe pre-flight calibration of the Mastcam-Z instrument and characterize its radiometric and geometric behavior. Between April 26 t h and May 9 t h , 2019, ∼45,000 images were acquired during stand-alone calibration at Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS) in San Diego, CA. Additional data were acquired during Assembly Test and Launch Operations (ATLO) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Kennedy Space Center. Results of the radiometric calibration validate a 5% absolute radiometric accuracy when using camera state parameters investigated during testing. When observing using camera state parameters not interrogated during calibration (e.g., non-canonical zoom positions), we conservatively estimate the absolute uncertainty to be < 10 % . Image quality, measured via the amplitude of the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) at Nyquist sampling (0.35 line pairs per pixel), shows MTF Nyquist = 0.26 - 0.50 across all zoom, focus, and filter positions, exceeding the > 0.2 design requirement. We discuss lessons learned from calibration and suggest tactical strategies that will optimize the quality of science data acquired during operation at Mars. While most results matched expectations, some surprises were discovered, such as a strong wavelength and temperature dependence on the radiometric coefficients and a scene-dependent dynamic component to the zero-exposure bias frames. Calibration results and derived accuracies were validated using a Geoboard target consisting of well-characterized geologic samples.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11214-021-00795-x.

Dataset Information

Geological, multispectral, and meteorological imaging results from the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover in Jezero crater.

Publications

Geological, multispectral, and meteorological imaging results from the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover in Jezero crater.

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