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Suboptimal Concentrations of Ceftazidime/Avibactam (CAZ-AVI) May Select for CAZ-AVI Resistance in Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: In Vivo and In Vitro Evidence.


ABSTRACT: This study correlates in vivo findings in a patient with an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) P. aeruginosa infection who developed resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) with in vitro results of a 7-day hollow-fiber infection model (HFIM) testing the same bacterial strain. The patient was critically ill with ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by XDR P. aeruginosa ST175 with CAZ-AVI MIC of 6 mg/L and was treated with CAZ-AVI in continuous infusion at doses adjusted for renal function. Plasma concentrations of CAZ-AVI were analyzed on days 3, 7, and 10. In the HIFM, the efficacy of different steady-state concentrations (Css) of CAZ-AVI (12, 18, 30 and 48 mg/L) was evaluated. In both models, a correlation was observed between the decreasing plasma levels of CAZ-AVI and the emergence of resistance. In the HIFM, a Css of 30 and 48 mg/L (corresponding to 5× and 8× MIC) had a bactericidal effect without selecting resistant mutants, whereas a Css of 12 and 18 mg/L (corresponding to 2× and 3× MIC) failed to prevent the emergence of resistance. CAZ/AVI resistance development was caused by the selection of a single ampC mutation in both patient and HFIM. Until further data are available, strategies to achieve plasma CAZ-AVI levels at least 4× MIC could be of interest, particularly in severe and high-inoculum infections caused by XDR P. aeruginosa with high CAZ-AVI MICs.

SUBMITTER: Lopez-Montesinos I 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9686790 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Suboptimal Concentrations of Ceftazidime/Avibactam (CAZ-AVI) May Select for CAZ-AVI Resistance in Extensively Drug-Resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>: In Vivo and In Vitro Evidence.

Lopez-Montesinos Inmaculada I   Montero María Milagro MM   Domene-Ochoa Sandra S   López-Causapé Carla C   Echeverria Daniel D   Sorlí Luisa L   Campillo Nuria N   Luque Sonia S   Padilla Eduardo E   Prim Nuria N   Grau Santiago S   Oliver Antonio A   Horcajada Juan P JP  

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) 20221022 11


This study correlates in vivo findings in a patient with an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infection who developed resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) with in vitro results of a 7-day hollow-fiber infection model (HFIM) testing the same bacterial strain. The patient was critically ill with ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by XDR <i>P. aeruginosa</i> ST175 with CAZ-AVI MIC of 6 mg/L and was treated with CAZ-AVI in continuous infusion at doses adjusted for re  ...[more]

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