Dataset Information

Extracellular Vesicles as Players in the Anti-Inflammatory Inter-Cellular Crosstalk Induced by Exercise Training.

ABSTRACT: Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are circulating particles surrounded by a plasma membrane carrying a cargo consisting of proteins, lipids, RNAs, and DNA fragments, stemming from the cells from which they originated. EV factors (i.e., miRNAs) play relevant roles in intercellular crosstalk, both locally and systemically. As EVs increasingly gained attention as potential carriers for targeted genes, the study of EV effects on the host immune response became more relevant. It has been demonstrated that EVs regulate the host immune response, executing both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. It is also known that physical exercise triggers anti-inflammatory effects. This review underlines the role of circulating EVs as players in the anti-inflammatory events associated with the regulation of the host's immune response to physical exercise.

SUBMITTER: Catitti G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9697937 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Extracellular Vesicles as Players in the Anti-Inflammatory Inter-Cellular Crosstalk Induced by Exercise Training.

Catitti Giulia G De Bellis Domenico D Vespa Simone S Simeone Pasquale P Canonico Barbara B Lanuti Paola P

International journal of molecular sciences 20221115 22

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are circulating particles surrounded by a plasma membrane carrying a cargo consisting of proteins, lipids, RNAs, and DNA fragments, stemming from the cells from which they originated. EV factors (i.e., miRNAs) play relevant roles in intercellular crosstalk, both locally and systemically. As EVs increasingly gained attention as potential carriers for targeted genes, the study of EV effects on the host immune response became more relevant. It has been demonstrated that ...[more]

PMID: 36430575

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Project description:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known immune-modulators exerting a critical role in kidney transplantation (KT). EV bioactive cargo includes graft antigens, costimulatory/inhibitory molecules, cytokines, growth factors, and functional microRNAs (miRNAs) that may modulate expression of recipient cell genes. As paracrine factors, neutrophil- and macrophage-derived EVs exert immunosuppressive and immune-stimulating effects on dendritic cells, respectively. Dendritic cell-derived EVs mediate alloantigen spreading and modulate antigen presentation to T lymphocytes. At systemic level, EVs exert pleiotropic effects on complement and coagulation. Depending on their biogenesis, they can amplify complement activation or shed complement inhibitors and prevent cell lysis. Likewise, endothelial- and platelet-derived EVs can exert procoagulant/prothrombotic effects and also promote endothelial survival and angiogenesis after ischemic injury. Kidney endothelial- and tubular-derived EVs play a key role in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and during the healing process; additionally, they can trigger rejection by inducing both alloimmune and autoimmune responses. Endothelial EVs have procoagulant/pro-inflammatory effects and can release sequestered self-antigens, generating a tissue-specific autoimmunity. Renal tubule-derived EVs shuttle pro-fibrotic mediators (TGF-? and miR-21) to interstitial fibroblasts and modulate neutrophil and T-lymphocyte influx. These processes can lead to peritubular capillary rarefaction and interstitial fibrosis-tubular atrophy. Different EVs, including those from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), have been employed as a therapeutic tool in experimental models of rejection and IRI. These particles protect tubular and endothelial cells (by inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation-fibrogenesis or by inducing autophagy) and stimulate tissue regeneration (by triggering angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and migration). Finally, urinary and serum EVs represent potential biomarkers for delayed graft function (DGF) and acute rejection. In conclusion, EVs sustain an intricate crosstalk between graft tissue and innate/adaptive immune systems. EVs play a major role in allorecognition, IRI, autoimmunity, and alloimmunity and are promising as biomarkers and therapeutic tools in KT.

Project description:New findingsWhat is the central question of this study? Is 1 week of exercise training sufficient to reduce local and systemic inflammation? Do obesity and short-term concurrent aerobic and resistance exercise training alter skeletal muscle extracellular vesicle (EV) contents? What is the main finding and its importance? Obesity alters skeletal muscle small EV microRNAs targeting inflammatory and growth pathways. Exercise training alters skeletal muscle small EV microRNAs targeting inflammatory pathways, indicative of reduced inflammation. Our findings provide support for the hypotheses that EVs play a vital role in intercellular communication during health and disease and that EVs mediate many of the beneficial effects of exercise.AbstractObesity is associated with chronic inflammation characterized by increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, whereas exercise training reduces inflammation. Small extracellular vesicles (EVs; 30-150 nm) participate in cell-to-cell communication in part through microRNA (miRNA) post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA. We examined whether obesity and concurrent aerobic and resistance exercise training alter skeletal muscle EV miRNA content and inflammatory signalling. Vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained from sedentary individuals with (OB) and without obesity (LN). Before and after 7 days of concurrent aerobic and resistance training, muscle-derived small EV miRNAs and whole-muscle mRNAs were measured. Pathway analysis revealed that obesity alters small EV miRNAs that target inflammatory (SERPINF1, death receptor and Gαi ) and growth pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, PTEN, PI3K/AKT and IGF-1). In addition, exercise training alters small EV miRNAs in an anti-inflammatory manner, targeting the IL-10, IL-8, Toll-like receptor and nuclear factor-κB signalling pathways. In whole muscle, IL-8 mRNA was reduced by 50% and Jun mRNA by 25% after exercise training, consistent with the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise on skeletal muscle. Obesity and 7 days of concurrent exercise training differentially alter skeletal muscle-derived small EV miRNA contents targeting inflammatory and anabolic pathways.

Dataset Information

Extracellular Vesicles as Players in the Anti-Inflammatory Inter-Cellular Crosstalk Induced by Exercise Training.

Publications

Extracellular Vesicles as Players in the Anti-Inflammatory Inter-Cellular Crosstalk Induced by Exercise Training.

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