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Eucalyptus-Mediated Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles-Coated Urinary Catheter Inhibits Microbial Migration and Biofilm Formation.

ABSTRACT: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are significant complications among catheterized patients, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality rates, and healthcare costs. Foley urinary catheters coated with synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extract were developed using a green chemistry principle. In situ-deposited AgNPs with particle size ranging between 20 and 120 nm on the catheter surface were illustrated by scanning electron microscopy. Atomic force microscopy revealed the changes in surface roughness after coating with nanoparticles. The coated catheter could significantly inhibit microbial adhesion and biofilm formation performed in pooled human urine-supplemented media to mimic a microenvironment during infections (p 0.05). AgNPs-coated catheter exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against important pathogens, causing CAUTIs with no cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells. A reduction in microbial viability in biofilms was observed under confocal laser scanning microscopy. A catheter bridge model demonstrated complete prevention of Proteus mirabilis migration by the coated catheter. Significant inhibition of ascending motility of Escherichia coli and P. mirabilis along the AgNPs-coated catheter was demonstrated in an in vitro bladder model (p 0.05). The results suggested that the AgNPs-coated urinary catheter could be applied as an alternative strategy to minimize the risk of CAUTIs by preventing bacterial colonization and biofilm formation.

SUBMITTER: Lethongkam S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9699417 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Eucalyptus-Mediated Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles-Coated Urinary Catheter Inhibits Microbial Migration and Biofilm Formation.

Lethongkam Sakkarin S Paosen Supakit S Bilhman Siwaporn S Dumjun Krittima K Wunnoo Suttiwan S Choojit Suntree S Siri Ratchaneewan R Daengngam Chalongrat C Voravuthikunchai Supayang P SP Bejrananda Tanan T

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) 20221118 22

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are significant complications among catheterized patients, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality rates, and healthcare costs. Foley urinary catheters coated with synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i> leaf extract were developed using a green chemistry principle. In situ-deposited AgNPs with particle size ranging between 20 and 120 nm on the catheter surface were illustrated by scanning electron m ...[more]

PMID: 36432345

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Project description:Long-term antibiotic treatment results in the increasing resistance of bacteria to antimicrobials drugs, so it is necessary to search for effective alternatives to prevent and treat pathogens that cause diseases. This study is aimed for biological synthesis of silver Carthamus nanoparticles (Ag-Carth-NPs) to combat microbial biofilm formation and Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence genes. Ag-Carth-NPs are synthesized using Carthamus tenuis aqueous extract as environmentally friendly method has no harmful effect on environment. General factorial design is used to optimize Ag-Carth-NPs synthesis using three variables in three levels are Carthamus extract concentration, silver nitrate concentration and gamma radiation doses. Analysis of response data indicates gamma radiation has a significant effect on Ag-Carth-NPs production. Ag-Carth-NPs have sharp peak at λ max 425 nm, small and spherical particles with size 20.0 ± 1.22 nm, high stability up to 240 day with zeta potential around - 43 ± 0.12 mV, face centered cubic crystalline structure and FT-IR spectroscopy shows peak around 620 cm-1 that corresponding to AgNPs that stabilized by C. tenuis extract functional moiety. The antibacterial activity of Ag-Carth-NPs against pathogenic bacteria and fungi was determined using well diffusion method. The MIC values of Ag-Carth-NPs were (6.25, 6.25, 3.126, 25, 12.5, 12.5, 25 and 12.5 µg/ml), MBC values were (12.5, 12.5, 6.25, 50, 25, 25, 50 and 25 µg/ml) and biofilm inhibition% were (62.12, 68.25, 90.12, 69.51, 70.61, 71.12, 75.51 and 77.71%) against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans respectively. Ag-Carth-NPs has bactericidal efficacy and significantly reduced the swarming, swimming motility, pyocyanin and protease production of P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa ToxA gene expression was significantly down regulated by 81.5%, while exoU reduced by 78.1%, where lasR gene expression reduction was 68%, while the reduction in exoU was 66% and 60.1% decrease in lasB gene expression after treatment with Ag-Carth-NPs. This activity is attributed to effect of Ag-Carth-NPs on cell membrane integrity, down regulation of virulence gene expression, and induction of general and oxidative stress in P. aeruginosa. Ag-Carth-NPs have no significant cytotoxic effects on normal human cell (Hfb4) but have IC50 at 5.6µg/mL against of HepG-2 cells. Limitations of the study include studies with low risks of silver nanoparticles for in vitro antimicrobial effects and its toxicity.

Project description:Despite the implementation of stringent guidelines for the prevention of catheter-associated (CA) urinary tract infection (UTI), CAUTI remains one of the most common health care-related infections. We previously showed that an antimicrobial/antibiofilm agent inhibited biofilm development by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens isolated from human infections. In this study, we examined the ability of a novel biofilm preventative agent (BPA) coating on silicone urinary catheters to inhibit biofilm formation on the catheters by six different bacterial pathogens isolated from UTIs: three Escherichia coli strains, representative of the most common bacterium isolated from UTI; one Enterobacter cloacae, a multidrug-resistant isolate; one Pseudomonas aeruginosa, common among patients with long-term catheterization; and one isolate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, as both a Gram-positive and a resistant organism. First, we tested the ability of these strains to form biofilms on urinary catheters made of red rubber, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and silicone using the microtiter plate biofilm assay. When grown in artificial urine medium, which closely mimics human urine, all tested isolates formed considerable biofilms on all three catheter materials. As the biofilm biomass formed on silicone catheters was 0.5 to 1.6 logs less than that formed on rubber or PVC, respectively, we then coated the silicone catheters with BPA (benzalkonium chloride, polyacrylic acid, and glutaraldehyde), and tested the ability of the coated catheters to further inhibit biofilm development by these uropathogens. Compared with the uncoated silicone catheters, BPA-coated catheters completely prevented biofilm development by all the uropathogens, except P. aeruginosa, which showed no reduction in biofilm biomass. To explore the reason for P. aeruginosa resistance to the BPA coating, we utilized two specific lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mutants. In contrast to their parent strain, the two mutants failed to form biofilms on the BPA-coated catheters, which suggests that the composition of P. aeruginosa LPS plays a role in the resistance of wild-type P. aeruginosa to the BPA coating. Together, our results suggest that, except for P. aeruginosa, BPA-coated silicone catheters may prevent biofilm formation by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive uropathogens.

Dataset Information

Eucalyptus-Mediated Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles-Coated Urinary Catheter Inhibits Microbial Migration and Biofilm Formation.

Publications

Eucalyptus-Mediated Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles-Coated Urinary Catheter Inhibits Microbial Migration and Biofilm Formation.

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