Clinical Utility of Transillumination on Transthoracic Imaging
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC9703133 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Transillumination (TI) is a new 3D rendering tool that uses a freely movable virtual light source to enhance depth, contours, and image detail. The TI model was recently modified to allow the operator adjust the degree of transparency of both cardiac and extra-cardiac structures. While the addition of transparency was shown to significantly improve quality in 3D transesophageal imaging, this has not yet been shown for transthoracic (TTE) imaging. We prospectively studied 35 patients who underwent clinically indicated TTE with standard 3D acquisition, as well as TI with and without transparency. Six experienced echocardiographers were shown images of all three display types in random order. Each image was scored independently using a Likert Scale while assessing each of the following aspects: ability to identify anatomy or pathology, depth perception, degree of anatomic detail, and border delineation. All experts perceived an incremental value of the transparency mode, compared to TI without transparency and standard 3D rendering, in terms of ability to identify anatomy or pathology (4.15 ± 0.97 vs. 3.88 ± 0.99 vs. 2.52 ± 1.41, p < 0.01), depth perception (4.33 ± 0.78 vs. 3.88 ± 0.82 vs. 2.29 ± 1.07, p < 0.01), degree of anatomic detail (4.08 ± 1.0 vs. 3.89 ± 0.79 vs. 2.31 ± 1.08, p < 0.01), and border delineation (4.44 ± 0.80 vs. 3.90 ± 0.78 vs. 2.42 ± 1.13, p < 0.01). Compared to standard 3D and TI renderings of TTE images, the addition of transparency significantly improves both image quality and diagnostic confidence.
| S-EPMC9034364 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Despite major successes of biophysical theories in predicting the effects of electrical shocks within the heart, recent optical mapping studies have revealed two major discrepancies between theory and experiment: 1), the presence of negative bulk polarization recorded during strong shocks; and 2), the unexpectedly small surface polarization under shock electrodes. There is little consensus as to whether these differences result from deficiencies of experimental techniques, artifacts of tissue damage, or deficiencies of existing theories. Here, we take advantage of recently developed near-infrared voltage-sensitive dyes and transillumination optical imaging to perform, for the first time that we know of, noninvasive probing of field effects deep inside the intact ventricular wall. This technique removes some of the limitations encountered in previous experimental studies. We explicitly demonstrate that deep inside intact myocardial tissue preparations, strong electrical shocks do produce considerable negative bulk polarization previously inferred from surface recordings. We also demonstrate that near-threshold diastolic field stimulation produces activation of deep myocardial layers 2-6 mm away from the cathodal surface, contrary to theory. Using bidomain simulations we explore factors that may improve the agreement between theory and experiment. We show that the inclusion of negative asymmetric current can qualitatively explain negative bulk polarization in a discontinuous bidomain model.
| S-EPMC3042586 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The objective of the study is to analyse the available evidence for the validity of the transillumination method in the diagnosis of interproximal caries. Bibliographic searches were carried out in three data bases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus) with the key words "Transillumination AND caries". A total of 11 studies were selected for the qualitative analysis and meta-analysis. In the qualitative analysis, both in vivo and in vitro studies were included. The gold standards were tomography, digital radiography, and clinical visual diagnosis. The meta-analysis determined the sensitivity, specificity, and area below the ROC curve relative to the transillumination method in the diagnosis of caries in dentine. Meta-analysis results obtained for transillumination gave a sensitivity value of 0.69 (confidence interval: 0.54-0.81), a specificity value of 0.89 (confidence interval: 0.61-0.98), while giving an AUC value of 0.79 (confidence interval: 0.67-0.87). Transillumination is a method offering moderate validity in the diagnosis of carious lesions in dentine, there is no strong evidence that may enable us to affirm that transillumination may fully substitute X-rays in the complementary diagnosis of carious lesions.
| S-EPMC7073697 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical utility of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for screening abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and to identify important TTE indices associated with AAA in a Japanese population.We prospectively studied 1912 patients who were referred for TTE. AAA was defined as ≥ 30 mm in size.The abdominal aorta was visualized in 95.1% (1818/1912) by TTE. AAA was identified in 2.6% (47/1818). The aortic root size was significantly larger in patients with AAA than those without (36.0 ± 4.1 vs. 31.7 ± 4.2 mm, p < 0.001). The aortic root size had a fair correlation with abdominal aortic size (r = 0.31, p < 0.001). The aortic root size of ≥ 34 mm was predictive of AAA by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (area under the curve = 0.78, p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that aortic root size (Hazard ratio 1.23, p < 0.001) and age (Hazard ratio 1.05, p = 0.013) were the independent predictors of AAA.The feasibility of the abdominal aortic visualization during TTE was excellent. The aortic root size measured by TTE was the independent predictor of AAA. Screening for AAA during TTE appeared to be useful especially in the older patients with a large (≥34 mm) aortic root.
| S-EPMC4751668 | biostudies-other
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10442454 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC7538076 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objective: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is routinely performed as part of standard acute ischemic stroke (AIS) workup. However, the overall yield of TTE is unclear and many patients may undergo unnecessary investigations. This study aims to investigate the utility of TTE as part of AIS workup. Methods: We collected data on consecutive patients with AIS who were admitted to our institution between 07/01/2016 and 09/30/2017. Patients were included based on neuroimaging-documented AIS, age >18 and neuroimaging studies. Primary endpoint was the proportion of cases in which TTE yielded relevant finding, defined as Atrial Septa Defect or Patent Foramen Ovale, left atrial enlargement, left ventricular thrombus or ejection fraction of <35%. Secondary endpoint was the proportion of patients who had a TTE-drive change in management. Results: Among 548 AIS patients (median age 71 [59-81] years, 50% female), 482 (87%) underwent TTE. Clinically relevant findings were observed in 183 (38%) patients, leading to additional workup in 41 (8.5%). Further workup was associated with younger median age (58 [50-65] vs. 72 [62-81], p < 0.0001, and was less likely in suspected large vessel etiology (p = 0.02). Abnormal TTE lead to treatment change in 24 (5%) patients; 22/24 were started on anticoagulation. TTE results were less likely to influence treatment changes in older patients (71 [60-80] vs. 58 [49-69] years, p = 0.02) with known atrial fibrillation (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that despite widespread use, the overall yield of TTE in AIS is low. Stratifying patients according to their likelihood of benefitting from it will be important toward better resource utilization.
| S-EPMC7040372 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeWhile mouse models of dry eye disease (DED) have been developed, studies evaluating the role of the meibomian glands limited by the inability to temporally document changes. In this report we describe the development of a novel mouse transillumination meibography device and assess the ability of this device to detect age-related changes in the meibomian glands of young and old mice.MethodsThe mouse meibography device was comprised of a 3 mm wide right angle prism attached to broad spectrum light source by an optical fiber. Eyelids were then pulled over the prism using double tooth forceps and imaged using a stereomicroscope and low light level camera. Meibomian glands from four young and four old male, BALB/c mice were then imaged and analyzed using ImageJ.ResultsIn young mice, meibography documented the presence of 7-8 meibomian glands appearing as black and distinct eyelid structures with the length shorter in the lower eyelid compared to the upper eyelids. Eyelids of old mice showed apparent dropout of meibomian glands along with smaller and more irregularly shaped acini. The mean acini area of one meibomian gland was 0.088 ± 0.025 mm2 in young mice and 0.080 ± 0.020 mm2 in old mice (p = 0.564), but the Meibomian gland density was significantly lower in older mice (41.7 ± 6.4%, 27.3 ± 4.2%) (p = 0.021).ConclusionWe have developed an in vivo meibography device that may prove useful in sequentially documenting changes during development of meibomian gland dysfunction and following treatment.
| S-EPMC10388835 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Inhalation of vasoactive gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen can provide strong changes in tissue hemodynamics. In this report, we present a preliminary clinical study aimed at assessing the feasibility of inhalation-based contrast with near infrared continuous wave transillumination for breast imaging. We describe a method for fitting the transient absorbance that provides the wavelength dependence of the optical pathlength as parametrized by tissue oxygenation and scatter power as well as the differential changes in oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin. We also present a principal component analysis data reduction technique to assess the dynamic response from the tissue that uses coercion to provide single temporal eigenvalues associated with both oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin changes.
| S-EPMC3005163 | biostudies-other
Project description:Background/objectivesHandheld fundus cameras are portable and cheaper alternatives to table-top counterparts. To date there have been no studies comparing feasibility and clinical utility of handheld fundus cameras to table-top devices. We compare the feasibility and clinical utility of four handheld fundus cameras/retinal imaging devices (Remidio NMFOP, Volk Pictor Plus, Volk iNview, oDocs visoScope) to a table-top camera (Zeiss VisucamNM/FA).Subjects/methodsHealthy participants (n = 10, mean age ± SD = 21.0 ± 0.9 years) underwent fundus photography with five devices to assess success/failure rates of image acquisition. Participants with optic disc abnormalities (n = 8, mean age ± SD = 26.8 ± 15.9) and macular abnormalities (n = 10, mean age ± SD = 71.6 ± 15.4) underwent imaging with the top three scoring fundus cameras. Images were randomised and subsequently validated by ophthalmologists masked to the diagnoses and devices used.ResultsImage acquisition success rates (100%) were achieved in non-mydriatic and mydriatic settings for Zeiss, Remidio and Pictor, compared with lower success rates for iNview and oDocs. Image quality and gradeability were significantly higher for Zeiss, Remidio and Pictor (p < 0.0001) compared to iNview and oDocs. For cup:disc ratio estimates, similar levels of bias were seen for Zeiss (-0.09 ± SD:0.15), Remidio (-0.07 ± SD:0.14) and Pictor (-0.05 ± SD:0.16). Diagnostic sensitivities were highest for Zeiss (84.9%; 95% CI, 78.2-91.5%) followed by Pictor (78.1%; 95% CI, 66.6-89.5%) and Remidio (77.5%; 95% CI, 65.9-89.0%).ConclusionsRemidio and Pictor achieve comparable results to the Zeiss table-top camera. Both devices achieved similar scores in feasibility, image quality, image gradeability and diagnostic sensitivity. This suggests that these devices potentially offer a more cost-effective alternative in certain clinical scenarios.
| S-EPMC9873676 | biostudies-literature