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Paths and timings of the peopling of Polynesia inferred from genomic networks.

ABSTRACT: Polynesia was settled in a series of extraordinary voyages across an ocean spanning one third of the Earth¹, but the sequences of islands settled remain unknown and their timings disputed. Currently, several centuries separate the dates suggested by different archaeological surveys^2-4. Here, using genome-wide data from merely 430 modern individuals from 21 key Pacific island populations and novel ancestry-specific computational analyses, we unravel the detailed genetic history of this vast, dispersed island network. Our reconstruction of the branching Polynesian migration sequence reveals a serial founder expansion, characterized by directional loss of variants, that originated in Samoa and spread first through the Cook Islands (Rarotonga), then to the Society (Tōtaiete mā) Islands (11th century), the western Austral (Tuha'a Pae) Islands and Tuāmotu Archipelago (12th century), and finally to the widely separated, but genetically connected, megalithic statue-building cultures of the Marquesas (Te Henua 'Enana) Islands in the north, Raivavae in the south, and Easter Island (Rapa Nui), the easternmost of the Polynesian islands, settled in approximately AD 1200 via Mangareva.

SUBMITTER: Ioannidis AG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9710236 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Paths and timings of the peopling of Polynesia inferred from genomic networks.

Ioannidis Alexander G AG Blanco-Portillo Javier J Sandoval Karla K Hagelberg Erika E Barberena-Jonas Carmina C Hill Adrian V S AVS Rodríguez-Rodríguez Juan Esteban JE Fox Keolu K Robson Kathryn K Haoa-Cardinali Sonia S Quinto-Cortés Consuelo D CD Miquel-Poblete Juan Francisco JF Auckland Kathryn K Parks Tom T Sofro Abdul Salam M ASM Ávila-Arcos María C MC Sockell Alexandra A Homburger Julian R JR Eng Celeste C Huntsman Scott S Burchard Esteban G EG Gignoux Christopher R CR Verdugo Ricardo A RA Moraga Mauricio M Bustamante Carlos D CD Mentzer Alexander J AJ Moreno-Estrada Andrés A

Nature 20210922 7877

Polynesia was settled in a series of extraordinary voyages across an ocean spanning one third of the Earth<sup>1</sup>, but the sequences of islands settled remain unknown and their timings disputed. Currently, several centuries separate the dates suggested by different archaeological surveys<sup>2-4</sup>. Here, using genome-wide data from merely 430 modern individuals from 21 key Pacific island populations and novel ancestry-specific computational analyses, we unravel the detailed genetic hist ...[more]

PMID: 34552258

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Project description:Archeologically attested human occupation on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) can be traced back to 160 thousand years ago (kya) via the archaic Xiahe people and 30∼40 kya via the Nwya Devu anatomically modern human. However, the history of the Tibetan populations and their migration inferred from the ancient and modern DNA remains unclear. Here, we performed the first ancient and modern genomic meta-analysis among 3,017 Paleolithic to present-day Eastern Eurasian genomes (2,444 modern individuals from 183 populations and 573 ancient individuals). We identified a close genetic connection between the ancient-modern highland Tibetans and lowland island/coastal Neolithic Northern East Asians (NEA). This observed genetic affinity reflected the primary ancestry of high-altitude Tibeto-Burman speakers originated from the Neolithic farming populations in the Yellow River Basin. The identified pattern was consistent with the proposed common north-China origin hypothesis of the Sino-Tibetan languages and dispersal patterns of the northern millet farmers. We also observed the genetic differentiation between the highlanders and lowland NEAs. The former harbored more deeply diverged Hoabinhian/Onge-related ancestry and the latter possessed more Neolithic southern East Asian (SEA) or Siberian-related ancestry. Our reconstructed qpAdm and qpGraph models suggested the co-existence of Paleolithic and Neolithic ancestries in the Neolithic to modern East Asian highlanders. Additionally, we found that Tibetans from Ü-Tsang/Ando/Kham regions showed a strong population stratification consistent with their cultural background and geographic terrain. Ü-Tsang Tibetans possessed a stronger Chokhopani-affinity, Ando Tibetans had more Western Eurasian related ancestry and Kham Tibetans harbored greater Neolithic southern EA ancestry. Generally, ancient and modern genomes documented multiple waves of human migrations in the TP's past. The first layer of local hunter-gatherers mixed with incoming millet farmers and arose the Chokhopani-associated Proto-Tibetan-Burman highlanders, which further respectively mixed with additional genetic contributors from the western Eurasian Steppe, Yellow River and Yangtze River and finally gave rise to the modern Ando, Ü-Tsang and Kham Tibetans.

Dataset Information

Paths and timings of the peopling of Polynesia inferred from genomic networks.

Publications

Paths and timings of the peopling of Polynesia inferred from genomic networks.

Similar Datasets

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