Dataset Information

Non-daily Cigarette Smoking: Stability and Transition to Abstinence in Young Adults.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

There is increasing recognition that non-daily cigarette smoking is common in early adulthood but less is known about its stability over time, or what influences transitions to heavier or nonsmoking. We examined the stability of non-daily smoking in a sample of young adults, and tested whether social and cognitive factors predicted transitions to other smoking patterns over time.

Aims and methods

Participants were 579 young adults (18-24 years old at enrollment, 52% male) who were non-daily and never-daily cigarette smokers and California residents. Participants completed 13 waves of assessment over 3 years. We used descriptive statistics to evaluate the frequency of consistent abstinence, defined as no cigarette use at two consecutive waves and no cigarette use at any subsequent waves. Cox and logistic regression were used to test predictors of consistent abstinence.

Results

We found that 55% of participants smoked intermittently throughout the study, while 43% were consistently abstinent by the end of the study; few transitioned to daily smoking. Stopping smoking was associated with having fewer smoking friends, smoking less in social situations, having lower positive reinforcement expectancies for smoking, and having stronger intent to quit. Post hoc analyses indicated those who stopped smoking tended to report reductions in positive reinforcement expectancies and increased intent to quit in the 6 months before stopping.

Conclusions

Findings suggest a substantial minority of young adult non-daily smokers may stop on their own, but that the majority continue smoking and may require intervention. Interventions for this population should address social motives and reinforcement expectancies.

Implications

The majority of young adults who are non-daily cigarette smokers appear to maintain this habit over an extended period and may require intervention. Interventions that focus on reducing expectancies for positive effects of and social motives for cigarette use and on increasing intent to quit smoking may be most effective.

SUBMITTER: Doran N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9717379 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Non-daily Cigarette Smoking: Stability and Transition to Abstinence in Young Adults.

Doran Neal N Myers Mark M Luczak Susan S Trim Ryan R Strong David D Tully Lyric L

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 20230101 1

<h4>Introduction</h4>There is increasing recognition that non-daily cigarette smoking is common in early adulthood but less is known about its stability over time, or what influences transitions to heavier or nonsmoking. We examined the stability of non-daily smoking in a sample of young adults, and tested whether social and cognitive factors predicted transitions to other smoking patterns over time.<h4>Aims and methods</h4>Participants were 579 young adults (18-24 years old at enrollment, 52% m ...[more]

PMID: 35931100

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Project description:ObjectivesDespite awareness of negative health outcomes associated with smoking, pregnant smokers might reduce their tobacco consumption thinking that a low smoking rate reduces smoking-related negative birth outcomes. We aimed to assess in a clinical sample whether there is a smoking rate that would not impact on birth weight (BW).MethodsPregnant smokers ≥18 years, gestational age of 9-20 weeks of amenorrhea, motivated to quit smoking, smoking ≥5 cigarettes/day (cpd) and their newborns (381 singleton, live births) were included in this secondary analysis of a French smoking cessation trial.ResultsThe mean BW when the mother quit smoking was 3417 g (95 % CI: 3098-3738 g); when smoking >0<5 cpd, 3081g (3003-3159 g); when smoking 5-9 cpd, 3043 g (2930-3157 g); and when smoking ≥10 cpd, 2831 g (2596-3157 g) (p = .006). The corresponding effect sizes ranged from medium to large (Cohen's d for BW: 0.54, 0.57 and 0.85) compared to BW when the mother quit. In the multivariable analysis, adjusted for all significant confounders, when the mother smoked on average >0<5 cpd, the loss in BW was 228 g; when smoking 5-9 cpd, 251 g; and when smoking ≥10 cpd, 262 g (all p ≤ .02) compared to newborns' BW of mothers who stopped smoking since quit date.ConclusionsEven low cigarette consumption during pregnancy is associated with BW loss. All efforts should be made to help pregnant smokers quit completely during their pregnancy.ImplicationsAs an alternative to quitting smoking, pregnant smokers reduce their smoking rate thinking that this diminishes smoking-related negative health outcomes. No study has established whether low smoking rate (more than 0 but less than 5 cpd) during pregnancy impacts BW compared to abstinence from smoking. Among treatment-seeking pregnant smokers BW of newborns of mothers who smoked even less than 5 cpd was significantly lower than of those whose mothers quit; effect sizes of different consumption levels on BW ranged from moderate (>0<5 cpd) to large (≥10 cpd). Even low smoking rate is associated with reduced BW compared to complete maternal smoking abstinence.

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Dataset Information

Non-daily Cigarette Smoking: Stability and Transition to Abstinence in Young Adults.

Introduction

Aims and methods

Results

Conclusions

Implications

Publications

Non-daily Cigarette Smoking: Stability and Transition to Abstinence in Young Adults.

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