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Maternal milk microbiota and oligosaccharides contribute to the infant gut microbiota assembly.

ABSTRACT: Breastfeeding protects against diseases, with potential mechanisms driving this being human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and the seeding of milk-associated bacteria in the infant gut. In a cohort of 34 mother-infant dyads we analyzed the microbiota and HMO profiles in breast milk samples and infant's feces. The microbiota in foremilk and hindmilk samples of breast milk was compositionally similar, however hindmilk had higher bacterial load and absolute abundance of oral-associated bacteria, but a lower absolute abundance of skin-associated Staphylococcus spp. The microbial communities within both milk and infant's feces changed significantly over the lactation period. On average 33% and 23% of the bacterial taxa detected in infant's feces were shared with the corresponding mother's milk at 5 and 9 months of age, respectively, with Streptococcus, Veillonella and Bifidobacterium spp. among the most frequently shared. The predominant HMOs in feces associated with the infant's fecal microbiota, and the dominating infant species B. longum ssp. infantis and B. bifidum correlated inversely with HMOs. Our results show that breast milk microbiota changes over time and within a feeding session, likely due to transfer of infant oral bacteria during breastfeeding and suggest that milk-associated bacteria and HMOs direct the assembly of the infant gut microbiota.

SUBMITTER: Laursen MF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9723702 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Maternal milk microbiota and oligosaccharides contribute to the infant gut microbiota assembly.

Laursen Martin Frederik MF Pekmez Ceyda T CT Larsson Melanie Wange MW Lind Mads Vendelbo MV Yonemitsu Chloe C Larnkjær Anni A Mølgaard Christian C Bode Lars L Dragsted Lars Ove LO Michaelsen Kim F KF Licht Tine Rask TR Bahl Martin Iain MI

ISME communications 20210607 1

Breastfeeding protects against diseases, with potential mechanisms driving this being human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and the seeding of milk-associated bacteria in the infant gut. In a cohort of 34 mother-infant dyads we analyzed the microbiota and HMO profiles in breast milk samples and infant's feces. The microbiota in foremilk and hindmilk samples of breast milk was compositionally similar, however hindmilk had higher bacterial load and absolute abundance of oral-associated bacteria, but ...[more]

PMID: 36737495

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Project description:BackgroundInfant gut microbiota composition is influenced by various factors early in life. Here, we investigate associations between infant gut microbiome development, infant age, breastfeeding duration, and human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) composition in breastmilk.MethodsA total of 94 mother-infant pairs were recruited as part of the Cambridge Baby Growth and Breastfeeding Study (CBGS-BF) (Cambridge, UK). Infant stool samples (n = 337) were collected at 2 week, 6 week, 3 month, and 6 month of age. The 16S rRNA V3-V4 rRNA region was sequenced using MiSeq Illumina to determine microbiota composition and diversity. Mother's hindmilk samples were collected at birth, 2 week, 6 week, 3 month, and 6 month postpartum. Concentrations of five neutral [2'FL, 3'FL, lacto-N-fucopentaose 1 (LNFP1), LNnT, LNT] and two acidic (3'SL, and 6'SL) HMOs were measured in all milk samples using High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC-PAD). We explored the associations between infant gut microbiome parameters and age, duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), and levels of individual HMOs.ResultsBifidobacterium was the most abundant genus in infant stool at all-time points, irrespective of breastfeeding duration, with an overall mean relative abundance of 70%. The relative abundance of B. bifidum in stool from infants who were breastfed for longer than 6 months was significantly higher compared to the infant breastfed up to 3 months (p = 0.0285). Alpha-diversity (both Shannon and ASV-level Richness) of infant gut microbiota showed a biphasic change with infant age, decreasing from 2 weeks until 3 months and then increasing until 6 months of age. Bifidobacterium relative abundance was associated with higher concentrations of 2'FL and LNFP1 in breastmilk across all time-points (p = 0.049 and 0.017, respectively), with trends toward a higher abundance of B. longum species. No significant association with Bifidobacterium was found for breastmilk LNnT, 3'SL, and 6'SL levels.ConclusionOur study is in line with previous data demonstrating that EBF duration in the first months of life impacts infant gut microbiota composition. The observed links between specific HMOs in breastmilk and bacteria in infant stool provide evidence of how mother's milk affects infant microbiome development.

Dataset Information

Maternal milk microbiota and oligosaccharides contribute to the infant gut microbiota assembly.

Publications

Maternal milk microbiota and oligosaccharides contribute to the infant gut microbiota assembly.

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