Dataset Information

Inverse Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure: Mechanisms and Potential Relevance for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease.

ABSTRACT:

Purpose of review

To review the etiology of inverse salt sensitivity of blood pressure (BP).

Recent findings

Both high and low sodium (Na⁺) intake can be associated with increased BP and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms involved in the increase in BP in response to low Na⁺ intake, a condition termed inverse salt sensitivity of BP, which affects approximately 15% of the adult population. The renal proximal tubule is important in regulating up to 70% of renal Na⁺ transport. The renin-angiotensin and renal dopaminergic systems play both synergistic and opposing roles in the regulation of Na⁺ transport in this nephron segment. Clinical studies have demonstrated that individuals express a "personal salt index" (PSI) that marks whether they are salt-resistant, salt-sensitive, or inverse salt-sensitive. Inverse salt sensitivity results in part from genetic polymorphisms in various Na⁺ regulatory genes leading to a decrease in natriuretic activity and an increase in renal tubular Na⁺ reabsorption leading to an increase in BP. This article reviews the potential mechanisms of a new pathophysiologic entity, inverse salt sensitivity of BP, which affects approximately 15% of the general adult population.

SUBMITTER: Felder RA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9728138 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Inverse Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure: Mechanisms and Potential Relevance for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease.

Felder Robin A RA Gildea John J JJ Xu Peng P Yue Wei W Armando Ines I Carey Robert M RM Jose Pedro A PA

Current hypertension reports 20220616 9

<h4>Purpose of review</h4>To review the etiology of inverse salt sensitivity of blood pressure (BP).<h4>Recent findings</h4>Both high and low sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>) intake can be associated with increased BP and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms involved in the increase in BP in response to low Na<sup>+</sup> intake, a condition termed inverse salt sensitivity of BP, which affects approximately 15% of the adult population. The renal proxim ...[more]

PMID: 35708819

Similar Datasets

Project description:Background and aimsIdentify novel metabolite associations with blood pressure (BP) salt-sensitivity and hypertension.Methods and resultsThe Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt Sensitivity (GenSalt) Replication study includes 698 Chinese participants who underwent a 3-day baseline examination followed by a 7-day low-sodium feeding and 7-day high-sodium feeding. Latent mixture models identified three trajectories of blood pressure (BP) responses to the sodium interventions. We selected 50 most highly salt-sensitive and 50 most salt-resistant participants for untargeted metabolomics profiling. Multivariable adjusted mixed logistic regression models tested the associations of baseline metabolites with BP salt-sensitivity. Multivariable adjusted mixed linear regression models tested the associations of BP salt-sensitivity with metabolite changes during the sodium interventions. Identified metabolites were tested for associations with hypertension among 1249 Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS) participants using multiple logistic regression. Fifteen salt-sensitivity metabolites were associated with hypertension in the BHS. Baseline values of serine, 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine and isoleucine directly associated with high salt-sensitivity. Among them, serine indirectly associated with hypertension while 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine and isoleucine directly associated with hypertension. Baseline salt-sensitivity status predicted changes in 14 metabolites when switching to low-sodium or high-sodium interventions. Among them, glutamate, 1-carboxyethylvaline, 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine, 3-methoxytyramine sulfate, glucose, alpha-ketoglutarate, hexanoylcarnitine, gamma-glutamylisoleucine, gamma-glutamylleucine, and gamma-glutamylphenylalanine directly associated with hypertension. Conversely, serine, histidine, threonate and 5-methyluridine indirectly associated with hypertension. Together, these metabolites explained an additional 7% of hypertension susceptibility when added to a model including traditional risk factors.ConclusionsOur findings contribute to the molecular characterization of BP response to sodium and provide novel biological insights into salt-sensitive hypertension.

Dataset Information

Inverse Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure: Mechanisms and Potential Relevance for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease.

Purpose of review

Recent findings

Publications

Inverse Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure: Mechanisms and Potential Relevance for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease.

Similar Datasets

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