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A nearby long gamma-ray burst from a merger of compact objects.

ABSTRACT: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are flashes of high-energy radiation arising from energetic cosmic explosions. Bursts of long (greater than two seconds) duration are produced by the core-collapse of massive stars¹, and those of short (less than two seconds) duration by the merger of compact objects, such as two neutron stars². A third class of events with hybrid high-energy properties was identified³, but never conclusively linked to a stellar progenitor. The lack of bright supernovae rules out typical core-collapse explosions^4-6, but their distance scales prevent sensitive searches for direct signatures of a progenitor system. Only tentative evidence for a kilonova has been presented^7,8. Here we report observations of the exceptionally bright GRB 211211A, which classify it as a hybrid event and constrain its distance scale to only 346 megaparsecs. Our measurements indicate that its lower-energy (from ultraviolet to near-infrared) counterpart is powered by a luminous (approximately 10⁴² erg per second) kilonova possibly formed in the ejecta of a compact object merger.

SUBMITTER: Troja E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9729102 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A nearby long gamma-ray burst from a merger of compact objects.

Troja E E Fryer C L CL O'Connor B B Ryan G G Dichiara S S Kumar A A Ito N N Gupta R R Wollaeger R T RT Norris J P JP Kawai N N Butler N R NR Aryan A A Misra K K Hosokawa R R Murata K L KL Niwano M M Pandey S B SB Kutyrev A A van Eerten H J HJ Chase E A EA Hu Y-D YD Caballero-Garcia M D MD Castro-Tirado A J AJ

Nature 20221207 7939

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are flashes of high-energy radiation arising from energetic cosmic explosions. Bursts of long (greater than two seconds) duration are produced by the core-collapse of massive stars1, and those of short (less than two seconds) duration by the merger of compact objects, such as two neutron stars2. A third class of events with hybrid high-energy properties was identified3, but never conclusively linked to a stellar progenitor. The lack of bri ...[more]

PMID: 36477127

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Project description:Augmented-reality (AR) applications have shown potential for assisting and modulating gait in health-related fields, like AR cueing of foot-placement locations in people with Parkinson's disease. However, the size of the AR field of view (AR-FOV), which is smaller than one's own FOV, might affect interaction with nearby floor-based holographic objects. The study's primary objective was to evaluate the effect of AR-FOV size on the required head orientations for viewing and interacting with real-world and holographic floor-based objects during standstill and walking conditions. Secondary, we evaluated the effect of AR-FOV size on gait speed when interacting with real-world and holographic objects. Sixteen healthy middle-aged adults participated in two experiments wearing HoloLens 1 and 2 AR headsets that differ in AR-FOV size. To confirm participants' perceived differences in AR-FOV size, we examined the head orientations required for viewing nearby and far objects from a standstill position (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, we examined the effect of AR-FOV size on head orientations and gait speeds for negotiating 2D and 3D objects during walking. Less downward head orientation was required for looking at nearby holographic objects with HoloLens 2 than with HoloLens 1, as expected given differences in perceived AR-FOV size (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, a greater downward head orientation was observed for interacting with holographic objects compared to real-world objects, but again less so for HoloLens 2 than HoloLens 1 along the line of progression. Participants walked slightly but significantly slower when interacting with holographic objects compared to real-world objects, without any differences between the HoloLenses. To conclude, the increased size of the AR-FOV did not affect gait speed, but resulted in more real-world-like head orientations for seeing and picking up task-relevant information when interacting with floor-based holographic objects, improving the potential efficacy of AR cueing applications.

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A nearby long gamma-ray burst from a merger of compact objects.

Publications

A nearby long gamma-ray burst from a merger of compact objects.

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