Dataset Information

Toxic emissions resulting from sucralose added to electronic cigarette liquids.

ABSTRACT: Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) are appealing in part because of the many flavors of the liquids used in them. Concerns have been raised that some ECIG liquid flavors, especially those that are sweet, are attracting otherwise nicotine-naïve youth to ECIGs. Sucralose is an artificial, non-caloric sweetener that is added to some ECIG liquids. In this study, we evaluated the toxicants, namely isomers of chloropropanols that can be produced when sucralose-containing ECIG liquid is aerosolized. An analytical separation method relying on solid-phase extraction (SPE) to isolate chloropropanols from the propylene glycol/glycerol matrix was developed. Chloropropanols were then derivatized by silylation before they were analyzed on GC-MS. The influence of different ECIG operating conditions on the generation of chloropropanols was studied by varying ECIG device design and power output and also the sucralose concentration of the liquid. Heated sucralose-containing ECIG liquids produce two toxic compounds that can be found in the resulting aerosols. The two chloropropanols, 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) and 1,3-dichloropropanol (1,3-DCP) that were detected under all conditions were found to be correlated significantly with liquid sucralose content. Effective regulation of ECIGs will minimize user and bystander exposure to these and other ECIG toxicants.

SUBMITTER: El-Hage R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9733909 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Toxic emissions resulting from sucralose added to electronic cigarette liquids.

El-Hage Rachel R El-Hellani Ahmad A Haddad Christina C Salman Rola R Talih Soha S Shihadeh Alan A Eissenberg Thomas T Saliba Najat Aoun NA

Aerosol science and technology : the journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research 20190805 10

Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) are appealing in part because of the many flavors of the liquids used in them. Concerns have been raised that some ECIG liquid flavors, especially those that are sweet, are attracting otherwise nicotine-naïve youth to ECIGs. Sucralose is an artificial, non-caloric sweetener that is added to some ECIG liquids. In this study, we evaluated the toxicants, namely isomers of chloropropanols that can be produced when sucralose-containing ECIG liquid is aerosolized. An anal ...[more]

PMID: 36506805

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Project description:Introduction:Sugars are major constituents and additives in traditional tobacco products, but little is known about their content or related toxins (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein) in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) liquids. This study quantified levels of sugars and aldehydes in e-cigarette liquids across brands, flavors, and nicotine concentrations (n = 66). Methods:Unheated e-cigarette liquids were analyzed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and enzymatic test kits. Generalized linear models, Fisher's exact test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient assessed sugar, aldehyde, and nicotine concentration associations. Results:Glucose, fructose and sucrose levels exceeded the limits of quantification in 22%, 53% and 53% of the samples. Sucrose levels were significantly higher than glucose [χ2(1) = 85.9, p < .0001] and fructose [χ2(1) = 10.6, p = .001] levels. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein levels exceeded the limits of quantification in 72%, 84%, and 75% of the samples. Acetaldehyde levels were significantly higher than formaldehyde [χ2(1) = 11.7, p = .0006] and acrolein [χ2(1) = 119.5, p < .0001] levels. Differences between nicotine-based and zero-nicotine labeled e-cigarette liquids were not statistically significant for sugars or aldehydes. We found significant correlations between formaldehyde and fructose (-0.22, p = .004) and sucrose (-0.25, p = .002) and acrolein and fructose (-0.26, p = .0006) and sucrose (-0.21, p = .0006). There were no significant correlations between acetaldehyde and any of the sugars or any of the aldehydes and glucose. Conclusions:Sugars and related aldehydes were identified in unheated e-cigarette liquids and their composition may influence experimentation in naïve users and their potential toxicity. Implications:The data can inform the regulation of specific flavor constituents in tobacco products as a strategy to protect young people from using e-cigarettes, while balancing FDA's interest in how these emerging products could potentially benefit adult smokers who are seeking to safely quit cigarette smoking. The data can also be used to educate consumers about ingredients in products that may contain nicotine and inform future FDA regulatory policies related to product standards and accurate and comprehensible labeling of e-cigarette liquids.

Project description:BackgroundElectronic cigarette (e-cigarette) conventions regularly bring together thousands of users around the world. In these environments, secondhand exposures to high concentrations of e-cigarette emissions are prevalent. Some biomarkers for tobacco smoke exposure may be used to characterize secondhand e-cigarette exposures in such an environment.MethodsParticipants who did not use any tobacco product attended four separate e-cigarette events for approximately six hours. Urine and saliva samples were collected from participants prior to the event, immediately after the event, 4-h after the event, and the next morning (first void). Urine samples from 34 participants were analyzed for cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-N-acetylcysteine (3-HPMA), S-carboxyethyl-N-acetylcysteine (CEMA), select tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), and 8-isoprostane. Saliva samples were analyzed for cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine.ResultsData from 28 of 34 participants were used in the data analysis. Creatinine-adjusted urinary cotinine concentrations increased up to 13-fold and peaked 4-h after completed exposure (range of adjusted geometric means [AGMs] = 0.352-2.31 μg/g creatinine). Salivary cotinine concentrations were also the highest 4-h after completed exposure (range of AGMs = 0.0373-0.167 ng/mL). Salivary cotinine and creatinine-corrected concentrations of urinary cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, CEMA, and 3-HPMA varied significantly across sampling times. Urinary and salivary cotinine, urinary trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, and urinary 3-HPMA concentrations also varied significantly across events.ConclusionSecondhand e-cigarette exposures lasting six hours resulted in significant changes in exposure biomarker concentrations of both nicotine and acrolein but did not change exposure to tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Additional research is needed to understand the relationship between biomarker concentrations and environmental concentrations of toxicants in e-cigarette emissions.

Dataset Information

Toxic emissions resulting from sucralose added to electronic cigarette liquids.

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Toxic emissions resulting from sucralose added to electronic cigarette liquids.

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