Dataset Information

The Effects of Soluble Dietary Fibers on Glycemic Response: An Overview and Futures Perspectives.

ABSTRACT: The properties of each food, composition, and structure affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Dietary fiber (DF), especially viscous DF, can contribute to a reduction in the glycemic response resulting from the consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods. Target and control of postprandial glycemic values are critical for diabetes prevention and management. Some mechanisms have been described for soluble DF action, from the increase in chyme viscosity to the production of short-chain fatty acids resulting from fermentation, which stimulates gastrointestinal motility and the release of GLP-1 and PYY hormones. The postprandial glycemic response due to inulin and resistant starch ingestion is well established. However, other soluble dietary fibers (SDF) can also contribute to glycemic control, such as gums, β-glucan, psyllium, arabinoxylan, soluble corn fiber, resistant maltodextrin, glucomannan, and edible fungi, which can be added alone or together in different products, such as bread, beverages, soups, biscuits, and others. However, there are technological challenges to be overcome, despite the benefits provided by the SDF, as it is necessary to consider the palatability and maintenance of their proprieties during production processes. Studies that evaluate the effect of full meals with enriched SDF on postprandial glycemic responses should be encouraged, as this would contribute to the recommendation of viable dietary options and sustainable health goals.

SUBMITTER: Giuntini EB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9736284 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

The Effects of Soluble Dietary Fibers on Glycemic Response: An Overview and Futures Perspectives.

Giuntini Eliana Bistriche EB Sardá Fabiana Andrea Hoffmann FAH de Menezes Elizabete Wenzel EW

Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 20221206 23

The properties of each food, composition, and structure affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Dietary fiber (DF), especially viscous DF, can contribute to a reduction in the glycemic response resulting from the consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods. Target and control of postprandial glycemic values are critical for diabetes prevention and management. Some mechanisms have been described for soluble DF action, from the increase in chyme viscosity to the production of short-chain fatt ...[more]

PMID: 36496742

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundPerfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent environmental pollutant that has become a significant concern around the world. Exposure to PFOS may alter gut microbiota and liver metabolic homeostasis in mammals, thereby increasing the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Diets high in soluble fibers can ameliorate metabolic disease risks.ObjectivesWe aimed to test the hypothesis that soluble fibers (inulin or pectin) could modulate the adverse metabolic effects of PFOS by affecting microbe-liver metabolism and interactions.MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice were fed an isocaloric diet containing different fibers: a) inulin (soluble), b) pectin (soluble), or c) cellulose (control, insoluble). The mice were exposed to PFOS in drinking water (3μg/g per day) for 7 wk. Multi-omics was used to analyze mouse liver and cecum contents.ResultsIn PFOS-exposed mice, the number of differentially expressed genes associated with atherogenesis and hepatic hyperlipidemia were lower in those that were fed soluble fiber than those fed insoluble fiber. Shotgun metagenomics showed that inulin and pectin protected against differences in microbiome community in PFOS-exposed vs. control mice. It was found that the plasma PFOS levels were lower in inulin-fed mice, and there was a trend of lower liver accumulation of PFOS in soluble fiber-fed mice compared with the control group. Soluble fiber intake ameliorated the effects of PFOS on host hepatic metabolism gene expression and cecal content microbiome structure.DiscussionsResults from metabolomic, lipidomic, and transcriptomic studies suggest that inulin- and pectin-fed mice were less susceptible to PFOS-induced liver metabolic disturbance, hepatic lipid accumulation, and transcriptional changes compared with control diet-fed mice. Our study advances the understanding of interaction between microbes and host under the influences of environmental pollutants and nutrients. The results provide new insights into the microbe-liver metabolic network and the protection against environmental pollutant-induced metabolic diseases by high-fiber diets. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11360.

Project description:ObjectiveTo clarify the role of dietary carbohydrate, glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL) in progression from health to coronary heart disease (CHD) by determining disease-nutrient risk relation (RR) values needed for intake ranges within jurisdictions and across the globe.MethodsWe performed a literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE for prospective cohort studies that used truly valid dietary instruments in heathy adults published from January 1, 2000, to June 5, 2018. Relevant observations were extracted by 2 reviewers independently. We used dose-response meta-analysis accounting for nonindependence of results within studies. Bradford-Hill criteria were used to assess causality.ResultsEligible studies had a mean follow-up of 11 years (range, 5-19 years), were conducted in North America, Europe, and East Asia, and yielded combined RRs of 1.44 (95% CI, 1.25-1.65) per 65 g/d GL (11 studies) and 1.24 (95% CI, 1.12-1.38) per 10 U GI (10 studies) (glucose scale). The CHD-carbohydrate RR on GI was 1.66 (95% CI, 1.23-2.25) per 98 g/d of carbohydrates per 10 units GI. The 65 g/d GL, 10 U GI, and 98 g/d carbohydrate values corresponded to oral intakes from the 10th to the 90th percentiles within sampled populations. Inconsistencies were minor (I 2 ≤20%), as were small-study effects (P=.61 for GL and P=.26 for GI). Funnel plots were symmetric. Cubic spline dose-response meta-analysis yielded RRs as follows: across the global range for GL (55-290 g/d), 5.5 (95% CI, 3.1-9.8) (I 2 =0); for GI (47-82 U), 2.71 (95% CI, 1.47-4.40) (I 2 =0); and for the CHD-carbohydrate dependence on GI (50-80 U), 4.57 (95% CI, 1.86-11.4) (I 2 =16%). Bradford-Hill criteria indicated that these relations were probably causal.ConclusionStrong and probably causal CHD-GL and GI RRs exist within populations. The RRs were remarkably higher across global exposures. The results support the consideration of these markers of carbohydrate food quality in dietary guidelines for general populations.Trial registrationPROSPERO Identifier: CRD42013004504.

Project description:Different dietary fibers have distinct structures, leading to significant variations in their laxative effects. To explore how these structural differences impact constipation intervention, a 14-day study was conducted on loperamide-induced constipated mice using five dietary fibers: soluble dietary fiber from steamed sweet potato (SDF-S), oat β-glucan (OB), polydextrose (PD), arabinogalactan (AG), and inulin (IN). The results showed that four fibers, excluding PD, significantly improved gastrointestinal (GI) transit rate (p < 0.05), although PD had the highest fecal moisture, it was significantly different from the lowest IN (p < 0.05). AG and IN resulted in higher 6 h fecal weights compared to other fibers. SDF-S and OB were more effective in modulating serum levels of gastrointestinal hormones. The different monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic bonds of these fibers led to distinct changes in gut microbiota composition and SCFA profiles. Galactose and arabinose in AG were linked to increased abundance of Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, Bacteroides, and Odoribacter, promoting butyrate fermentation, which is positively correlated with GI transit rate. Glucose in SDF-S, OB, and PD favored acetate fermentation positively correlated with fecal moisture. Fructose in IN encouraged the proliferation of Muribaculaceae_unclassified and Ruminococcus, associated with butyrate fermentation and increased 6 h stool weight, respectively. The β-glycosidic bonds in OB may lead to high butyrate production through the selective proliferation of Lachnospiraceae_unclassified. Minor components like fucose, rhamnose, and ribose were positively correlated with the abundance of Oscillospiraceae_unclassified, Anaerotignum, and Lachnospiraceae_unclassified. In conclusion, the unique monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic bond differences in dietary fibers selectively promote the proliferation of fiber-degrading and butyrate-producing bacteria, resulting in varied effects on constipation relief.

Project description:BackgroundDietary fibers are widely considered to be beneficial to health as they produce nutrients through gut microbial fermentation while facilitating weight management and boosting gut health. To date, the gene expression profiles of the carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that respond to different types of fibers (raw potato starch, RPS; inulin, INU; pectin, PEC) in the gut microbes of pigs are not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the functional response of colonic microbiota to different dietary fibers in pigs through metatranscriptomic analysis.ResultsThe results showed that the microbial composition and CAZyme structure of the three experimental groups changed significantly compared with the control group (CON). Based on a comparative analysis with the control diet, RPS increased the abundance of Parabacteroides, Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium and Alloprevotella but decreased Sutterella; INU increased the relative abundance of Fusobacterium and Rhodococcus but decreased Bacillus; and PEC increased the relative abundance of the Streptococcus and Bacteroidetes groups but decreased Clostridium, Clostridioides, Intestinibacter, Gemmiger, Muribaculum and Vibrio. The gene expression of CAZymes GH8, GH14, GH24, GH38, GT14, GT31, GT77 and GT91 downregulated but that of GH77, GH97, GT3, GT10 and GT27 upregulated in the RPS diet group; the gene expression of AA4, AA7, GH14, GH15, GH24, GH26, GH27, GH38, GH101, GT26, GT27 and GT38 downregulated in the INU group; and the gene expression of PL4, AA1, GT32, GH18, GH37, GH101 and GH112 downregulated but that of CE14, AA3, AA12, GH5, GH102 and GH103 upregulated in the PEC group. Compared with the RPS and INU groups, the composition of colonic microbiota in the PEC group exhibited more diverse changes with the variation of CAZymes and Streptococcus as the main contributor to CBM61, which greatly promoted the digestion of pectin.ConclusionThe results of this exploratory study provided a comprehensive overview of the effects of different fibers on nutrient digestibility, gut microbiota and CAZymes in pig colon, which will furnish new insights into the impacts of the use of dietary fibers on animal and human health.

Dataset Information

The Effects of Soluble Dietary Fibers on Glycemic Response: An Overview and Futures Perspectives.

Publications

The Effects of Soluble Dietary Fibers on Glycemic Response: An Overview and Futures Perspectives.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets