Street Food in Malaysia: What Are the Sodium Levels?
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Haron H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9739403 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Nov
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Street Food in Malaysia: What Are the Sodium Levels?
Haron Hasnah H Zainal Arifen Zainorain Natasha ZN Shahar Suzana S Mohamad Hamdan H Mohd Yazid Siti Farrah Zaidah SFZ Michael Viola V Abeyasinghe Rabindra R Taketo Tanaka T Trieu Kathy K
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 20221124 23
Street food is a major source of food in middle- and low-income countries as it is highly accessible and inexpensive. However, it is usually perceived as unhealthy due to the high levels of sodium, sugar, and fat content. However, there is little analytical data on the sodium levels in the street foods of Malaysia. This study started with a survey to determine the most frequently available street foods in every state in Malaysia, followed by food sampling and the analysis of sodium (reported mg/ ...[more]
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| S-EPMC10048182 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC9330047 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC4870024 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC8620844 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC6726962 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Street food makes a significant contribution to the diet of many dwellers in low- and middle-income countries and its trade is a well-developed activity in the central Asian region. However, data on its purchase and nutritional value is still scarce. This study aimed to describe street food purchasing patterns in central Asia, according to time and place of purchase. A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016/2017 in the main urban areas of four central Asian countries: Dushanbe (Tajikistan), Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan), Ashgabat (Turkmenistan) and Almaty (Kazakhstan). Street food markets (n = 34) and vending sites (n = 390) were selected by random and systematic sampling procedures. Data on the purchased foods and beverages were collected by direct observation. Time and geographic location of the purchases was registered, and their nutritional composition was estimated. A total of 714 customers, who bought 852 foods, were observed. Customers' influx, buying rate and purchase of industrial food were higher in city centers compared to the outskirts (median: 4.0 vs. 2.0 customers/10 min, p < 0.001; 5.0 vs. 2.0 food items/10 min, p < 0.001; 36.2 vs. 28.7%, p = 0.004). Tea, coffee, bread and savory pastries were most frequently purchased in the early morning, bread, main dishes and savory pastries during lunchtime, and industrial products in the mid-morning and mid-afternoon periods. Energy and macronutrient density was highest at 11:00-12:00 and lowest at 09:00-10:00. Purchases were smaller but more energy-dense in city centers, and higher in saturated and trans-fat in the peripheries. This work provides an overview of the street food buying habits in these cities, which in turn reflect local food culture. These findings from the main urban areas of four low- and middle-income countries which are currently under nutrition transition can be useful when designing public health interventions customized to the specificities of these food environments and their customers.
| S-EPMC9263728 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPoor food hygiene practices in developing nations like Ethiopia pose a significant public health threat by increasing the likelihood of food-borne infections. In the study area, there is a lack of comprensive information regarding the hygienic standards and associated factors influcncing the food hygienic practices of street food vendors. Therefore, this study aims to assess food hygienic practices and related variables among street food vendors in Bishoftu town, central Ethiopia.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted from June 16, 2023 to August 16, 2023, involving 210 street food vendors selected through a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Descriptive statistics like mean, frequency, and percentages were used. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the significance of the relationship between each independent and dependent variables. The strength of the association was calculated using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and the 95 % CI and a p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe finding of this study revealed that about 64.8 % and 35.2 % of the street food vendors had good and poor food hygiene practices, respectively. Variables such as being female [AOR = 0.191, 95 % CI (0.043, 0.840)], having rich experience in food vending [AOR = 5.793, 95%CI (1.419, 23.649)], maintaining a clean environment [AOR = 2.860, 95%CI (1.484, 5.512)], and possessing knowledge of food hygiene [AOR = 2.726, 95 % CI (1.317, 5.643)] were significantly associated with the food hygiene practices of street vendors.ConclusionThe level of food hygiene practice observed among street food vendors in the study area was lower compared to other study findings conducted in different regions of Ethiopia. Significant factors influencing these hygiene practices were sex, food vending experience, environment, and knowledge. Therefore, current national regulations must be revised to address the existing gaps and enhance food safety procedures for street food vendors nationwide.
| S-EPMC11665452 | biostudies-literature