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Controlled Intestinal Microbiota Colonisation in Broilers under the Industrial Production System.

ABSTRACT: The concept of designer microbiota in chicken is focused on early exposure of the hatchlings to pathogen-free microbiota inoculum, limiting the early access to harmful and pathogenic microorganisms, thus promoting colonisation of the gut with beneficial and natural poultry microbiota. In this study, we controlled colonisation of the intestine in broiler chickens in a large-scale industrial setting via at-hatch administration of a commercial product containing a highly diverse microbiota originating from the chicken caecum. The treatment significantly transformed the microbiota membership in the crop, proventriculus, jejunum and caecum and significantly altered the taxa abundance in the jejunum, jejunum mucosa, and caecum estimated using PERMANOVA and unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances, respectively. The treatment also improved the growth rate in chickens with no significant alteration in feed conversion ratio. A comparison of inoculum product microbiota structure revealed that the inoculum had the highest Shannon diversity index compared to all investigated gut sections, and the number of Observed Species second only to the caecal community. PCoA plots using weighted or unweighted UniFrac placed the inoculum samples together with the samples from the caecal origin.

SUBMITTER: Kayal A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9740664 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Controlled Intestinal Microbiota Colonisation in Broilers under the Industrial Production System.

Kayal Advait A Stanley Dragana D Radovanovic Anita A Horyanto Darwin D Van Thi Thu Hao TTH Bajagai Yadav S YS

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20221125 23

The concept of designer microbiota in chicken is focused on early exposure of the hatchlings to pathogen-free microbiota inoculum, limiting the early access to harmful and pathogenic microorganisms, thus promoting colonisation of the gut with beneficial and natural poultry microbiota. In this study, we controlled colonisation of the intestine in broiler chickens in a large-scale industrial setting via at-hatch administration of a commercial product containing a highly diverse microbiota originat ...[more]

PMID: 36496817

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Project description:The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of protected organic acids (OA) and essential oils (EO) [P(OA + EO)] on the intestinal health of broiler chickens raised under field conditions. The study was conducted on four commercial farms. Each farm consisted of four barns, two barns under a control diet and two tested barns supplemented with P(OA + EO), totaling 16 barns [8 control and 8 under P(OA + EO)]. The control group was supplemented with antibiotic growth promoters [AGP; Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate (50 g/ton) during starter, grower and finisher 1, and flavomycin (2 g/ton) during finisher 2]. The tested group was supplemented with 636, 636, 454, and 454 g/ton of P(OA + EO) during starter, grower, finisher 1 and 2, respectively. Eighty birds were necropsied (40/treatment; 20/farm; and 5/barn) to collect blood, jejunal tissue, and cecal contents. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P < 0.05) or Kruskal-Wallis' test and the frequency of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) genes was analyzed by Chi-Square test (P < 0.05). It was observed that the supplementation of P(OA + EO) reduced (P < 0.05) the histopathology scores, such as the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the epithelium and lamina propria and tended (P = 0.09) to reduce the serum concentration of calprotectin (CALP). The supplementation of P(OA + EO) reduced the serum concentration of IL-12 (P = 0.0001), IL-16 (P = 0.001), and Pentraxin-3 (P = 0.04). Additionally, P(OA + EO) maintained a cecal microbiota similar to birds receiving AGP. The substitution of AGP by P(OA + EO) reduced (P < 0.05) the frequency of four AMR genes, related to gentamicin (three genes), and aminoglycoside (one gene). Overall, the inclusion of P(OA + EO), and removal of AGP, in the diets of commercially raised broiler chickens beneficially changed the phenotype of the jejunum as shown by the lowered ISI scores which characterizes an improved intestinal health. Furthermore, P(OA + EO) significantly reduced the serum concentration of several inflammatory biomarkers, while maintaining the diversity and composition of the cecal microbiota similar to AGP fed chickens and reducing the prevalence of AMR genes.

Project description:Coccidiosis is an enteric disease of poultry worldwide that compromises gut health and growth performance. The current research investigated the effects of 2 doses of a multienzyme preparation on broilers' performance, gut health, and footpad dermatitis (FPD) under an Eimeria challenge. A total of 512 mixed-sex day-old chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly allocated to 4 treatments of 8 replicates. Treatments were: 1) nonchallenged control (NC); 2) NC + Eimeria challenge (CC); 3) CC + recommended level of xylanase and glucanase (XG, 100 g/t feed [on top]); 4) CC + double XG (2XG, 200 g/t feed). Eimeria spp. vaccine strains were gavaged on d 9 to induce coccidiosis in chickens. Performance parameters were evaluated during starter, grower, and finisher phases, and 4 birds per pen were euthanized on d 16 for sampling, FPD was scored on d 35, and litter moisture was analyzed on d 17 and 35. The data were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA with Tukey's test to separate means, and Kruskal-Wallis test was used for non-normally distributed parameters. The results showed that the Eimeria challenge was successful based on reduced weight gain and feed intake during grower phase, and higher FITC-d concentration, lesion score (female), and oocyst counts (d 14) in CC group compared to N.C. group, while XG and 2XG increased (P < 0.001) weight gain and improved FCR compared to CC and NC groups during finisher phase. The addition of X.G. and 2XG decreased litter moisture (P = 0.003) and FPD (P < 0.001) in challenged broilers compared to the N.C. group (d 35). Supplementing XG and 2XG reestablished the population of Lactobacillus in the cecum of challenged birds to an intermediate level between the NC and CC groups (P > 0.05). The inclusion of XG tended to increase the expression of Junctional adhesion molecule 2 (JAM2), which was not different from CC and NC groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the combination of xylanase and glucanase (Natugrain TS) improved the performance and modulated jejunal microbiota of broilers under mild Eimeria challenge.

Project description:BackgroundGlobal warming leading to heat stress (HS) is becoming a major challenge for broiler production. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of seaweed (Enteromorpha prolifera) polysaccharides (EPS) on the intestinal barrier function, microbial ecology, and performance of broilers under HS. A total of 144 yellow-feathered broilers (male, 56 days old) with 682.59 ± 7.38 g were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 1) TN (thermal neutral zone, 23.6 ± 1.8 °C), 2) HS (heat stress, 33.2 ± 1.5 °C for 10 h/d), and 3) HSE (HS + 0.1% EPS). Each group contained 6 replicates with 8 broilers per replicate. The study was conducted for 4 weeks; feed intake and body weights were measured at the end of weeks 2 and 4. At the end of the feeding trial, small intestine samples were collected for histomorphology, antioxidant, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) content, apoptosis, gene and protein expression analysis; cecal contents were also collected for microbiota analysis based on 16S rDNA sequencing.ResultsDietary EPS promoted the average daily gain (ADG) of broilers during 3-4 weeks of HS (P < 0.05). At the end of HS on broilers, the activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the content of sIgA in jejunum were improved by EPS supplementation (P < 0.05). Besides, dietary EPS reduced the epithelial cell apoptosis of jejunum and ileum in heat-stressed broilers (P < 0.05). Addition of EPS in HS group broilers' diet upregulated the relative mRNA expression of Occludin, ZO-1, γ-GCLc and IL-10 of the jejunum (P < 0.05), whereas downregulated the relative mRNA expression of NF-κB p65, TNF-α and IL-1β of the jejunum (P < 0.05). Dietary EPS increased the protein expression of Occludin and ZO-1, whereas it reduced the protein expression of NF-κB p65 and MLCK (P < 0.01) and tended to decrease the protein expression of TNF-α (P = 0.094) in heat-stressed broilers. Furthermore, the proportions of Bacteroides and Oscillospira among the three groups were positively associated with jejunal apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with jejunal Occludin level (P < 0.05). However, the proportions of Lactobacillus, Barnesiella, Subdoligranulum, Megasphaera, Collinsella, and Blautia among the three groups were positively related to ADG (P < 0.05).ConclusionsEPS can be used as a feed additive in yellow-feathered broilers. It effectively improves growth performance and alleviates HS-induced intestinal injury by relieving inflammatory damage and improving the tight junction proteins expression. These beneficial effects may be related to inhibiting NF-κB/MLCK signaling pathway activation and regulation of cecal microbiota.

Project description:Dietary trace minerals can impact gut flora, which can further affect intestinal health. However, the dietary balance pattern of trace minerals for the intestinal health of broilers needs to be explored. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the dietary pattern of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Se on the intestinal morphology, microbiota, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, antioxidant status, and the expression of tight junction proteins in broilers. A total of 240 1-d-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to one of five treatments with six replicate cages of eight birds per cage for each treatment. The birds were fed the corn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with five combination patterns of trace minerals for 42 d. The dietary treatments were as follows: the inorganic sources were added to the diet based on the recommendations of the current National Research Council (NRC, T1) and Ministry of Agriculture of P.R. China (MAP) (T2) for broiler chicks, respectively; the inorganic sources were added to the diet at the levels based on our previous results of inorganic trace mineral requirements for broilers (T3); the organic sources were added to the diet at the levels considering the bioavailabilities of organic trace minerals for broilers described in our previous studies (T4); and the organic sources were added to the diet based on the recommendations of the current MAP for broiler chicks (T5). The results showed that broilers from T1 had lower (P < 0.05) crypt depth (CD), and a higher (P < 0.05) villus height: CD in duodenum on day 21 and lower CD (P < 0.05) in jejunum on day 42 than those from T3 and T4. Broilers from T1, T3, and T5 had a higher (P < 0.05) Shannon index in cecum on day 21 than those from T4. Broilers from T1 had a higher (P < 0.05) abundance of Lactobacillus in ileum on day 21 than those from T2 and T3. Broilers from T1, T2, and T5 had a higher (P < 0.05) valeric acid concentrations in cecum on day 42 than those from T3 and T4. In addition, Birds from T2 had higher (P < 0.05) Claudin-1 mRNA levels in jejunum on day 42 than those from T3 and T4. And birds from T3, T4, and T5 had a higher (P < 0.05) Occludin protein expression levels in duodenum on day 42 than those from T2. These results indicate that dietary pattern of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Se influenced gut flora and intestinal health of broilers, and the appropriate pattern of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Se in the diet for intestinal health of broilers would be Cu 12 mg, Fe 229 mg, Mn 81 mg, Zn 78 mg, and Se 0.24 mg/kg (1 to 21 d of age), and Cu 11 mg, Fe 193 mg, Mn 80 mg, Zn 73 mg, and Se 0.22 mg/kg (22 to 42 d of age), when the trace minerals as inorganic sources were added to diets according to the recommendations of the current NRC.

Dataset Information

Controlled Intestinal Microbiota Colonisation in Broilers under the Industrial Production System.

Publications

Controlled Intestinal Microbiota Colonisation in Broilers under the Industrial Production System.

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