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A Scoping Review of Approaches to Improving Quality of Data Relating to Health Inequalities.

ABSTRACT: Identifying and monitoring of health inequalities requires good-quality data. The aim of this work is to systematically review the evidence base on approaches taken within the healthcare context to improve the quality of data for the identification and monitoring of health inequalities and describe the evidence base on the effectiveness of such approaches or recommendations. Peer-reviewed scientific journal publications, as well as grey literature, were included in this review if they described approaches and/or made recommendations to improve data quality relating to the identification and monitoring of health inequalities. A thematic analysis was undertaken of included papers to identify themes, and a narrative synthesis approach was used to summarise findings. Fifty-seven papers were included describing a variety of approaches. These approaches were grouped under four themes: policy and legislation, wider actions that enable implementation of policies, data collection instruments and systems, and methodological approaches. Our findings indicate that a variety of mechanisms can be used to improve the quality of data on health inequalities at different stages (prior to, during, and after data collection). These findings can inform us of actions that can be taken by those working in local health and care services on approaches to improving the quality of data on health inequalities.

SUBMITTER: Moorthie S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9740714 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Scoping Review of Approaches to Improving Quality of Data Relating to Health Inequalities.

Moorthie Sowmiya S Peacey Vicki V Evans Sian S Phillips Veronica V Roman-Urrestarazu Andres A Brayne Carol C Lafortune Louise L

International journal of environmental research and public health 20221129 23

Identifying and monitoring of health inequalities requires good-quality data. The aim of this work is to systematically review the evidence base on approaches taken within the healthcare context to improve the quality of data for the identification and monitoring of health inequalities and describe the evidence base on the effectiveness of such approaches or recommendations. Peer-reviewed scientific journal publications, as well as grey literature, were included in this review if they described ...[more]

PMID: 36497947

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Project description:BackgroundThis scoping review reports on studies that collect survey data using quantitative research to measure self-reported oral health status outcome measures. The objective of this review is to categorize measures used to evaluate self-reported oral health status and oral health quality of life used in surveys of general populations.MethodsThe review is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) with the search on four online bibliographic databases. The criteria include (1) peer-reviewed articles, (2) papers published between 2011 and 2021, (3) only studies using quantitative methods, and (4) containing outcome measures of self-assessed oral health status, and/or oral health-related quality of life. All survey data collection methods are assessed and papers whose methods employ newer technological approaches are also identified.ResultsOf the 2981 unduplicated papers, 239 meet the eligibility criteria. Half of the papers use impact scores such as the OHIP-14; 10% use functional measures, such as the GOHAI, and 26% use two or more measures while 8% use rating scales of oral health status. The review identifies four data collection methods: in-person, mail-in, Internet-based, and telephone surveys. Most (86%) employ in-person surveys, and 39% are conducted in Asia-Pacific and Middle East countries with 8% in North America. Sixty-six percent of the studies recruit participants directly from clinics and schools, where the surveys were carried out. The top three sampling methods are convenience sampling (52%), simple random sampling (12%), and stratified sampling (12%). Among the four data collection methods, in-person surveys have the highest response rate (91%), while the lowest response rate occurs in Internet-based surveys (37%). Telephone surveys are used to cover a wider population compared to other data collection methods. There are two noteworthy approaches: 1) sample selection where researchers employ different platforms to access subjects, and 2) mode of interaction with subjects, with the use of computers to collect self-reported data.ConclusionThe study provides an assessment of oral health outcome measures, including subject-reported oral health status and notes newly emerging computer technological approaches recently used in surveys conducted on general populations. These newer applications, though rarely used, hold promise for both researchers and the various populations that use or need oral health care.

Project description:BackgroundQuality health services build communities' and patients' trust in health care. It enhances the acceptability of services and increases health service coverage. Quality primary health care is imperative for universal health coverage through expanding health institutions and increasing skilled health professionals to deliver services near to people. Evidence on the quality of health system inputs, interactions between health personnel and clients, and outcomes of health care interventions is necessary. This review summarised indicators, successes, and challenges of the quality of primary health care services.MethodsWe used the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis extensions for scoping reviews to guide the article selection process. A systematic search of literature from PubMed, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted on August 23, 2022, but the preliminary search was begun on July 5, 2022. The Donabedian's quality of care framework, consisting of structure, process and outcomes, was used to operationalise and synthesise the findings on the quality of primary health care.ResultsHuman resources for health, law and policy, infrastructure and facilities, and resources were the common structure indicators. Diagnosis (health assessment and/or laboratory tests) and management (health information, education, and treatment) procedures were the process indicators. Clinical outcomes (cure, mortality, treatment completion), behaviour change, and satisfaction were the common indicators of outcome. Lower cause-specific mortality and a lower rate of hospitalisation in high-income countries were successes, while high mortality due to tuberculosis and the geographical disparity in quality care were challenges in developing countries. There also exist challenges in developed countries (e.g., poor quality mental health care due to a high admission rate). Shortage of health workers was a challenge both in developed and developing countries.ConclusionsQuality of care indicators varied according to the health care problems, which resulted in a disparity in the successes and challenges across countries around the world. Initiatives to improve the quality of primary health care services should ensure the availability of adequate health care providers, equipped health care facilities, appropriate financing mechanisms, enhance compliance with health policy and laws, as well as community and client participation. Additionally, each country should be proactive in monitoring and evaluation of performance indicators in each dimension (structure, process, and outcome) of quality of primary health care services.

Project description:IntroductionDental caries remains one of the most prevalent but preventable diseases among children worldwide and especially affects children with a lower socioeconomic status or ethnic minority background. It is important that all groups of children are reached by preventive interventions to reduce oral health inequalities. So far, it is unknown whether children from different social and ethnic groups benefit equally from potentially effective oral health interventions.ObjectivesThis scoping review aimed to identify European public health interventions that report their effect on dental caries across different social groups.MethodsFour databases were searched for studies evaluating the effect of oral health interventions on dental caries among children from 0 to 12 y, and studies were included when results were presented by children of different social groups separately.ResultsA total of 14 studies were included, representing 4 different countries: 3 randomized and 11 nonrandomized studies. Most studies were performed at schools. Six studies showed results indicative of a reduction in oral health inequalities, 4 studies showed results that potentially widen oral health inequalities, and 5 studies showed results that were indicative of no impact on oral health inequalities. Interventions that contain early approaches, with a high frequency, approaching multiple levels of influence, and including at least the broader organizational or public policy level, may have the potential to reduce oral health inequalities among children from birth to young adolescence.ConclusionWe recommend researchers to perform high-quality intervention studies and to evaluate the effectiveness of oral health intervention always in different socioeconomic or ethnic groups separately, to better understand their contribution toward oral health (in)equalities.Knowledge transfer statementThis review offers insight in the differential effects that oral health interventions might have across different social groups. Its results can be used to develop interventions that might reduce oral health inequalities among children. Also, we recommend future researchers to always evaluate the effects of any preventive oral health measure in different social groups separately.

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A Scoping Review of Approaches to Improving Quality of Data Relating to Health Inequalities.

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A Scoping Review of Approaches to Improving Quality of Data Relating to Health Inequalities.

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