Dataset Information

Short-term exposure to wildfire-related PM2.5 increases mortality risks and burdens in Brazil.

ABSTRACT: To assess mortality risks and burdens associated with short-term exposure to wildfire-related fine particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), we collect daily mortality data from 2000 to 2016 for 510 immediate regions in Brazil, the most wildfire-prone area. We integrate data from multiple sources with a chemical transport model at the global scale to isolate daily concentrations of wildfire-related PM2.5 at a 0.25 × 0.25 resolution. With a two-stage time-series approach, we estimate (i) an increase of 3.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.4, 3.9%) in all-cause mortality, 2.6% (95%CI: 1.5, 3.8%) in cardiovascular mortality, and 7.7% (95%CI: 5.9, 9.5) in respiratory mortality over 0-14 days with each 10 μg/m3 increase in daily wildfire-related PM2.5; (ii) 0.65% of all-cause, 0.56% of cardiovascular, and 1.60% of respiratory mortality attributable to acute exposure to wildfire-related PM2.5, corresponding to 121,351 all-cause deaths, 29,510 cardiovascular deaths, and 31,287 respiratory deaths during the study period. In this study, we find stronger associations in females and adults aged ≥ 60 years, and geographic difference in the mortality risks and burdens.

SUBMITTER: Ye T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9741581 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Short-term exposure to wildfire-related PM2.5 increases mortality risks and burdens in Brazil.

Ye Tingting T Xu Rongbin R Yue Xu X Chen Gongbo G Yu Pei P Coêlho Micheline S Z S MSZS Saldiva Paulo H N PHN Abramson Michael J MJ Guo Yuming Y Li Shanshan S

Nature communications 20221210 1

To assess mortality risks and burdens associated with short-term exposure to wildfire-related fine particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), we collect daily mortality data from 2000 to 2016 for 510 immediate regions in Brazil, the most wildfire-prone area. We integrate data from multiple sources with a chemical transport model at the global scale to isolate daily concentrations of wildfire-related PM2.5 at a 0.25 × 0.25 resolution. With a two-stage time-series app ...[more]

PMID: 36496479

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Project description:BackgroundLong-term exposure to fine particles ≤2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) has been linked to cancer mortality. However, the effect of wildfire-related PM2.5 exposure on cancer mortality risk is unknown. This study evaluates the association between wildfire-related PM2.5 and site-specific cancer mortality in Brazil, from 2010 to 2016.Methods and findingsNationwide cancer death records were collected during 2010-2016 from the Brazilian Mortality Information System. Death records were linked with municipal-level wildfire- and non-wildfire-related PM2.5 concentrations, at a resolution of 2.0° latitude by 2.5° longitude. We applied a variant difference-in-differences approach with quasi-Poisson regression, adjusting for seasonal temperature and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the exposure for specific cancer sites were estimated. Attributable fractions and cancer deaths were also calculated. In total, 1,332,526 adult cancer deaths (age ≥ 20 years), from 5,565 Brazilian municipalities, covering 136 million adults were included. The mean annual wildfire-related PM2.5 concentration was 2.38 μg/m3, and the annual non-wildfire-related PM2.5 concentration was 8.20 μg/m3. The RR for mortality from all cancers was 1.02 (95% CI 1.01-1.03, p < 0.001) per 1-μg/m3 increase of wildfire-related PM2.5 concentration, which was higher than the RR per 1-μg/m3 increase of non-wildfire-related PM2.5 (1.01 [95% CI 1.00-1.01], p = 0.007, with p for difference = 0.003). Wildfire-related PM2.5 was associated with mortality from cancers of the nasopharynx (1.10 [95% CI 1.04-1.16], p = 0.002), esophagus (1.05 [95% CI 1.01-1.08], p = 0.012), stomach (1.03 [95% CI 1.01-1.06], p = 0.017), colon/rectum (1.08 [95% CI 1.05-1.11], p < 0.001), larynx (1.06 [95% CI 1.02-1.11], p = 0.003), skin (1.06 [95% CI 1.00-1.12], p = 0.003), breast (1.04 [95% CI 1.01-1.06], p = 0.007), prostate (1.03 [95% CI 1.01-1.06], p = 0.019), and testis (1.10 [95% CI 1.03-1.17], p = 0.002). For all cancers combined, the attributable deaths were 37 per 100,000 population and ranged from 18/100,000 in the Northeast Region of Brazil to 71/100,000 in the Central-West Region. Study limitations included a potential lack of assessment of the joint effects of gaseous pollutants, an inability to capture the migration of residents, and an inability to adjust for some potential confounders.ConclusionsExposure to wildfire-related PM2.5 can increase the risks of cancer mortality for many cancer sites, and the effect for wildfire-related PM2.5 was higher than for PM2.5 from non-wildfire sources.

Project description:BackgroundThere is increasing evidence that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter [PM ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] may adversely impact cognitive performance. Wildfire smoke is one of the biggest sources of PM2.5 and concentrations are likely to increase under climate change. However, little is known about how short-term exposure impacts cognitive function.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the associations between daily and subdaily (hourly) PM2.5 and wildfire smoke exposure and cognitive performance in adults.MethodsScores from 20 plays of an attention-oriented brain-training game were obtained for 10,228 adults in the United States (U.S.). We estimated daily and hourly PM2.5 exposure through a data fusion of observations from multiple monitoring networks. Daily smoke exposure in the western U.S. was obtained from satellite-derived estimates of smoke plume density. We used a longitudinal repeated measures design with linear mixed effects models to test for associations between short-term exposure and attention score. Results were also stratified by age, gender, user behavior, and region.ResultsDaily and subdaily PM2.5 were negatively associated with attention score. A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 in the 3 h prior to gameplay was associated with a 21.0 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.3, 38.7]-point decrease in score. PM2.5 exposure over 20 plays accounted for an estimated average 3.7% (95% CI: 0.7%, 6.7%) reduction in final score. Associations were more pronounced in the wildfire-impacted western U.S. Medium and heavy smoke density were also negatively associated with score. Heavy smoke density the day prior to gameplay was associated with a 117.0 (95% CI: 1.7, 232.3)-point decrease in score relative to no smoke. Although differences between subgroups were not statistically significant, associations were most pronounced for younger (18-29 y), older (≥70y), habitual, and male users.DiscussionOur results indicate that PM2.5 and wildfire smoke were associated with reduced attention in adults within hours and days of exposure, but further research is needed to elucidate these relationships. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10498.

Project description:InstructionTo help determine the health protectiveness of government regulations and policies for air pollutant control for Americans, our study aimed to investigate the health and economic impacts of work loss due to sickness associated with daily all-source and wildfire-specific PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 μm) exposures in California.MethodsWe linked the 2015-2018 California Health Interview Survey respondents' geocoded home addresses to daily PM2.5 estimated by satellites and atmospheric modelling simulations and wildfire-related PM2.5 from Community Multiscale Air Quality models. We calculated and applied the coefficient for the association between daily PM2.5 exposure and work loss from regression analyses to the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition (BenMAP-CE) platform to assess the health and economic impacts of PM2.5 exposure on work loss due to sickness.ResultsWe observed that each 1 µg/m3 increase in daily total PM2.5 exposure will lead to about 1 million days of work loss per year ranging from 1.1 to 1.6 million person-days, and the related economic loss was $310-390 million. Wildfire smoke alone could contribute to 0.7-2.6 million work-loss days with a related economic loss of $129-521 million per year in 2015-2018. Using the function coefficient in the current BenMAP, the excess work-loss days due to sickness was about 250 000 days and the estimated economic loss was about $45-50 million for each 1 µg/m3 increase in daily total PM2.5 exposure, and wildfire smoke alone would lead to 0.17-0.67 million work-loss days with related economic loss of $31-128 million per year during the same period.ConclusionsBoth conventional and wildfire-specific sources of PM2.5 produced substantial work loss and cost in California. Updating the current BenMAP-CE calculations for work-loss days will be essential in quantifying the current health impacts of PM2.5 to help inform the policies and regulations to protect public health.

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Short-term exposure to wildfire-related PM2.5 increases mortality risks and burdens in Brazil.

Publications

Short-term exposure to wildfire-related PM<sub>2.5</sub> increases mortality risks and burdens in Brazil.

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